1259University of Michigan School of Kinesiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
1259University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Dec;37(23-24):NP22784-NP22810. doi: 10.1177/08862605211073091. Epub 2022 Feb 11.
Adolescents who experience community violence are exposed to toxic stressors at a critical period of growth and development. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between community violence exposure and stress reactivity in African American and non-Latino white adolescents with overweight/obesity. Fifty-one adolescents (47% female, 55% African American; aged 14-19) participated in this study. Community violence was assessed using the Survey of Children's Exposure to Community Violence. Stress reactivity was assessed via salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase area under the curve (AUC) during a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Race was a significant predictor of alpha-amylase reactivity (β = 10740±3665, = 0.0006), with a higher alpha-amylase AUC observed in African American compared to non-Latino white adolescents. There was also a significant difference in the relationship between community violence exposure and alpha-amylase AUC by race (β = -3561±1226, = 0.007). At similar increases in violence exposure, African Americans demonstrated a significant decline in alpha-amylase AUC while non-Latino whites demonstrated a significant increase in alpha-amylase AUC. Neither race nor violence exposure were significant predictors of cortisol AUC and there were no significant differences in the relationship between community violence exposure and cortisol AUC by race (all 's > .05). These preliminary findings suggest exposure to community violence may act to exacerbate autonomic dysregulation in African American adolescents with overweight/obesity. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the mechanisms by which community violence exposure differentially impacts stress responses by race.
经历社区暴力的青少年在成长和发展的关键时期会接触到有毒的应激源。本研究的目的是检验超重/肥胖的非裔美国人和非西班牙裔白种青少年经历社区暴力与应激反应之间的关系。51 名青少年（47%为女性，55%为非裔美国人；年龄 14-19 岁）参与了这项研究。使用《儿童接触社区暴力调查》评估社区暴力。通过唾液皮质醇和 Trier 社会应激测试（TSST）中的唾液淀粉酶曲线下面积（AUC）评估应激反应。种族是淀粉酶反应性的一个显著预测因素（β=10740±3665，=0.0006），与非西班牙裔白种青少年相比，非裔美国青少年的淀粉酶 AUC 更高。种族也显著影响社区暴力暴露与淀粉酶 AUC 之间的关系（β=-3561±1226，=0.007）。在类似的暴力暴露增加的情况下，非裔美国人的淀粉酶 AUC 显著下降，而非西班牙裔白人的淀粉酶 AUC 显著增加。种族和暴力暴露都不是皮质醇 AUC 的显著预测因素，种族之间社区暴力暴露与皮质醇 AUC 之间也没有显著差异（所有's>.05）。这些初步发现表明，暴露于社区暴力可能会加剧超重/肥胖的非裔美国青少年的自主神经失调。需要进行纵向研究来证实社区暴力暴露通过种族对应激反应产生不同影响的机制。
