Reid Joan A, Loughran Thomas A
Department of Society, Culture and Language, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.
Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
Crim Behav Ment Health. 2019 Apr;29(2):74-84. doi: 10.1002/cbm.2108. Epub 2019 Jan 15.
Researchers have raised awareness of high levels of violence exposure among justice-involved adolescents and its association with psychological distress, yet the relationship between the violence and psychological distress has rarely been studied longitudinally.
This study aimed to gain understanding of the relationship between long-term exposure to violence and the development of psychological distress among justice-involved adolescents.
We examined exposure to violence and emergent psychological distress among adolescents using latent growth model analyses with a sample of 1,336 young people-male and female-who completed 10 follow-up interviews over 7 years as part of the Pathways to Desistance study. We tested four models: (a) changes in exposure to violence over time, (b) changes in psychological distress over time, (c) the contemporaneous, parallel processes of changes in exposure to violence and psychological distress over time, and (d) differences in the evolution of violence exposure and psychological distress across sex and race/ethnicity.
For the sample as a whole, exposure to violence decreased over time, as did psychological distress, but their relationship to each other was consistent. There were individual differences, however, and the subgroup of young African Americans did not experience the reduction in exposure to violence reported by the young Whites and Hispanics.
Trajectories of exposure to violence and related psychological distress did not escalate over time as expected. In light of these findings, more research is needed on the heterogeneity of violence exposure and its negative psychological impacts.
研究人员已提高了对涉司法青少年中高暴力暴露水平及其与心理困扰之间关联的认识，但暴力与心理困扰之间的关系很少得到纵向研究。
本研究旨在了解涉司法青少年长期暴露于暴力与心理困扰发展之间的关系。
我们使用潜在增长模型分析，对1336名青少年（包括男性和女性）的暴力暴露和新出现的心理困扰进行了研究。这些青少年作为“停止犯罪途径”研究的一部分，在7年时间里完成了10次随访访谈。我们测试了四个模型：（a）暴力暴露随时间的变化，（b）心理困扰随时间的变化，（c）暴力暴露和心理困扰随时间的同期平行变化过程，以及（d）暴力暴露和心理困扰在性别和种族/族裔方面的演变差异。
对于整个样本，暴力暴露随时间减少，心理困扰也减少，但它们之间的关系是一致的。然而，存在个体差异，非洲裔美国青少年亚组并未经历白人青少年和西班牙裔青少年所报告的暴力暴露减少情况。
暴力暴露和相关心理困扰的轨迹并未如预期那样随时间升级。鉴于这些发现，需要对暴力暴露的异质性及其负面心理影响进行更多研究。
