From the Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan (K.I., N.H., H.M., S.O., T. Kondo, T. Kaneda); and Departments of Radiology (V.C.A.A., O.S.), Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (O.S.), and Radiation Oncology (O.S.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass.
Radiographics. 2022 Mar-Apr;42(2):506-521. doi: 10.1148/rg.210073. Epub 2022 Feb 11.
A is defined as an incidental, often asymptomatic, imaging finding that mimics a true pathologic condition. Given the complex anatomy and wide variety of normal variants in the oral and maxillofacial region, a thorough understanding of commonly encountered normal variants in this region is essential to avoid misinterpretation and unnecessary further imaging or interventions. Moreover, familiarity with normal variants that are known to become symptomatic at times is necessary to facilitate further workup and guide the treatment plan. Intraoral radiography and panoramic radiography, which are unique to oral and maxillofacial radiology, provide two-dimensional (2D) images. Hence, the overlapping of structures or the displacement of the tomographic layer on images can confuse radiologists. It is crucial to understand the principle of 2D imaging to avoid being confused by ghost images or optical illusions. In addition, understanding the normal development of the maxillofacial region is essential when interpreting maxillofacial images in children or young adults because the anatomy may be quite different from that of mature adults. Knowledge of changes in the jaw bone marrow and each tissue's growth rate is essential. It is also necessary to know when the tooth germ begins to calcify and the tooth erupts for diagnostic imaging of the maxillofacial region. The authors describe imaging findings and clinical manifestations of common normal variants in the oral and maxillofacial region, divided into four parts: the maxilla, mandible, tooth, and temporomandibular joint, and discuss the imaging approach used to differentiate normal variants from true pathologic conditions. RSNA, 2022.
A 被定义为一种偶然的、通常无症状的影像学发现，它模仿了真实的病理状况。鉴于口腔颌面区域的解剖结构复杂，正常变异种类繁多，因此，彻底了解该区域常见的正常变异对于避免误诊、不必要的进一步影像学检查或干预至关重要。此外，熟悉有时会出现症状的已知正常变异对于进一步检查和指导治疗计划也是必要的。口腔内放射摄影和全景放射摄影是口腔颌面放射学特有的，提供二维（2D）图像。因此，结构的重叠或断层图像的移位可能会使放射科医生感到困惑。了解 2D 成像的原理以避免被鬼影或视错觉所混淆至关重要。此外，在解读儿童或年轻成年人的颌面图像时，了解颌面区域的正常发育情况非常重要，因为解剖结构可能与成年人有很大不同。了解颌骨骨髓的变化和每个组织的生长速度是必不可少的。还需要知道牙胚何时开始钙化以及牙齿何时萌出，以便进行颌面区域的诊断影像学检查。作者描述了口腔颌面区域常见正常变异的影像学表现和临床表现，分为四个部分：上颌骨、下颌骨、牙齿和颞下颌关节，并讨论了用于区分正常变异和真实病理状况的影像学方法。RSNA，2022 年。
