George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022 Apr;10(4):963-971.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.002. Epub 2022 Feb 9.
An individual's sex (nominally male or female, based on biological attributes) and gender (a complex term referring to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and expressions of identity) influence the clinical course of asthma in several ways. The physiologic development of the lungs and effects of sex hormones may explain why more boys than girls have asthma, and after puberty, more women than men have asthma. Female sex hormones have an impact throughout the life span and are associated with poor asthma control. Gender may influence exposure to asthma triggers, and sex and gender can influence the prevalence of comorbidities and interactions with health care professionals. Despite widely reported sex- and gender-based differences in asthma and asthma management, these issues frequently are not considered by health care professionals. There is also inconsistency regarding the use of "sex" and "gender" in scientific discourse; research is needed to define sex- and gender-based differences better and how they might interact to influence asthma outcomes. This review outlines the impact an individual's sex and gender can have on the pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis, treatment, and management of asthma.
个体的性别（名义上的男性或女性，基于生物学特征）和性别（一个复杂的术语，指的是社会构建的角色、行为和身份表达）以多种方式影响哮喘的临床病程。肺部的生理发育和性激素的作用可以解释为什么哮喘患儿中男孩多于女孩，而在青春期后，哮喘患者中女性多于男性。女性性激素在整个生命周期中都有影响，并与哮喘控制不良有关。性别可能会影响哮喘诱因的暴露，性别和性别也会影响合并症的患病率以及与医疗保健专业人员的相互作用。尽管有广泛报道的哮喘和哮喘管理方面的性别差异，但这些问题通常未被医疗保健专业人员考虑。在科学论述中使用“性别”和“性别”也不一致；需要研究来更好地定义基于性别的差异以及它们如何相互作用影响哮喘结局。这篇综述概述了个体的性别和性别如何影响哮喘的发病机制、临床病程、诊断、治疗和管理。
