Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 2019 Mar;40(1):149-161. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2018.10.009. Epub 2018 Dec 20.
Asthma is a common disorder that affects genders differently across the life span. Earlier in life, it is more common in boys. At puberty, asthma becomes more common and often more severe in girls and women. The effect of sex hormones on asthma incidence and its severity is difficult to differentiate from other asthma severity risk factors, such as racial background, socioeconomic factors, obesity, atopy, environmental exposure, and, in particular, lung aging. Recognizing gender-associated and age-associated differences is important to understanding the pathobiology of asthma and to providing effective education and personalized care for patients with asthma across the life course.
哮喘是一种常见疾病，在整个生命周期中男女的发病率不同。在生命早期，男孩中更为常见。青春期时，哮喘在女孩和女性中更为常见，且往往更为严重。性激素对哮喘发病率及其严重程度的影响，很难与其他哮喘严重程度的危险因素区分开来，如种族背景、社会经济因素、肥胖、特应性、环境暴露，特别是肺部衰老。认识到与性别和年龄相关的差异，对于了解哮喘的病理生物学以及为整个生命过程中的哮喘患者提供有效的教育和个性化护理非常重要。
