Hartnett Davis A, Milner John D, Bodendorfer Blake M, DeFroda Steven F
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Miller Orthopedic Specialists, Council Bluffs, IA, USA.
SAGE Open Med. 2022 Feb 7;10:20503121221076369. doi: 10.1177/20503121221076369. eCollection 2022.
Baseball is unique in its multiple facets: pitching, hitting, base rounding, and fielding are distinct activities that require different athletic skills to perform at a high level. Likewise, these different aspects of the game can contribute to a multitude of varying injuries. While high-velocity overhead throwing, along with batting, can produce a plethora of upper extremity injuries that often garner attention, injuries to the lower extremity can severely impact a player's performance and ability to compete. The rigors of the short, explosive sprinting required for base running, as well as the dynamic movement required for fielding, create ample opportunity for lower limb injury, and even subtle pathology can affect a pitcher's ability to perform or increase their long-term risk of injury. Chronic injury from conditions such as femoroacetabular impingement and hip labral tears can also occur. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the relevant epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of lower extremity injuries in baseball athletes, with reference to current research into the prevention and management of such injuries.
投球、击球、跑垒和防守是不同的活动，要高水平地完成这些活动需要具备不同的运动技能。同样，比赛的这些不同方面可能导致多种不同的损伤。虽然高速过顶投球以及击球会造成大量上肢损伤，这些损伤常常受到关注，但下肢损伤会严重影响球员的表现和比赛能力。跑垒所需的短促、爆发性冲刺的强度，以及防守所需的动态动作，为下肢受伤创造了大量机会，甚至细微的病变也会影响投手的表现能力或增加其长期受伤风险。诸如股骨髋臼撞击症和髋关节盂唇撕裂等病症导致的慢性损伤也可能发生。本综述的目的是总结棒球运动员下肢损伤的相关流行病学、病理生理学和治疗方法，并参考当前对此类损伤预防和管理的研究。
