Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
J Mater Chem B. 2022 Apr 6;10(14):2728-2739. doi: 10.1039/d1tb02597j.
Due to the emergence of wide-spread infectious diseases, there is a heightened need for antimicrobial and/or antifouling coatings that can be used to prevent infection and transmission in a variety of applications, ranging from healthcare devices to public facilities. While antimicrobial coatings kill pathogenic bacteria upon contact with the surface, the antimicrobial function alone often lacks long-term effectiveness due to the accumulation of dead cells and their debris on the surface, thus reducing the performance of the coating over time. Therefore, it is desirable to develop coatings with the dual functions of antimicrobial efficacy and fouling resistance, in which antifouling coatings provide the added benefit of preventing the adhesion of dead cells and debris. Leveraging the outstanding antifouling properties of zwitterionic coatings, we synthesized copolymers with this antimicrobial-antifouling dual function by immobilizing lysozyme, a common antimicrobial enzyme, to the surface of a pyridinium-based zwitterionic copolymer. Specifically, poly(4-vinylpyridine--pentaflurophenyl methacrylate--divinyl benzene) [P(4VP-PFPMA-DVB)] thin films were synthesized by an all-dry vapor deposition technique, Chemical Vapor Deposition, and derivatized using 1,3-propane sultone to obtain sulfobetaine moieties. Lysozyme, known to hydrolyze polysaccharides in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria, was immobilized by forming amide bonds with the copolymer coating nucleophilic substitution of the pentafluorophenyl group. The antifouling and antibacterial performance of the novel lysozyme-zwitterionic coating was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative . A reduction in surface adhesion of 87% was achieved for , and of 75% for , when compared to a common poly(vinyl chloride) surface. The lysozyme-zwitterionic coating also deactivated 67% of surface-attached Gram-positive bacteria, . This novel dual-function material can produce -infection surfaces for medical devices and surgical tools, personal care products, and surfaces in public facilities.
由于广谱传染病的出现，人们对能够在各种应用中预防感染和传播的抗菌和/或抗污涂层的需求日益增加，这些应用范围从医疗设备到公共设施。虽然抗菌涂层在接触表面时会杀死病原菌，但由于表面上死细胞及其碎片的积累，抗菌功能往往缺乏长期效果，从而随着时间的推移降低涂层的性能。因此，开发具有抗菌功效和抗污性双重功能的涂层是理想的，其中抗污涂层提供了防止死细胞和碎片附着的额外好处。利用两性离子涂层的出色抗污特性，我们通过将常见的抗菌酶溶菌酶固定在基于吡啶的两性离子共聚物表面上，合成了具有这种抗菌-抗污双重功能的共聚物。具体来说，通过全干法气相沉积技术、化学气相沉积和使用 1,3-丙烷砜进行衍生化，合成了聚（4-乙烯基吡啶-五氟苯基甲基丙烯酸酯-二乙烯基苯）[P(4VP-PFPMA-DVB)]薄膜，并获得了磺基甜菜碱部分。溶菌酶通过与共聚物涂层形成酰胺键来固定，这种酰胺键是通过与五氟苯基基团的亲核取代反应形成的，溶菌酶能够水解革兰氏阳性菌细胞壁中的多糖。新型溶菌酶-两性离子涂层的抗污和抗菌性能针对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌进行了测试。与普通聚氯乙烯表面相比，其表面粘附减少了 87%，对于革兰氏阳性菌减少了 75%。该溶菌酶-两性离子涂层还使 67%附着在表面的革兰氏阳性菌失活。这种新型双功能材料可以为医疗设备和手术工具、个人护理产品以及公共设施中的表面产生抗感染表面。
