Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
Molecules. 2023 Dec 11;28(24):8040. doi: 10.3390/molecules28248040.
Zwitterionic polymer coatings facilitate the formation of hydration layers via electrostatic interactions on their surfaces and have demonstrated efficacy in preventing biofouling. They have emerged as a promising class of marine antifouling materials. However, designing multifunctional, environmentally friendly, and natural products-derived zwitterionic polymer coatings that simultaneously resist biofouling, inhibit protein adhesion, exhibit strong antibacterial properties, and reduce algal adhesion is a significant challenge. This study employed two diisocyanates as crosslinkers and natural urushiol and ethanolamine as raw materials. The coupling reaction of diisocyanates with hydroxyl groups was employed to synthesize urushiol-based precursors. Subsequently, sulfobetaine moieties were introduced into the urushiol-based precursors, developing two environmentally friendly and high-performance zwitterionic-functionalized polyurushiol antifouling coatings, denoted as HUDM-SB and IPUDM-SB. The sulfobetaine-functionalized polyurushiol coating exhibited significantly enhanced hydrophilicity, with the static water contact angle reduced to less than 60°, and demonstrated excellent resistance to protein adhesion. IPUDM-SB exhibited antibacterial efficacy up to 99.9% against common Gram-negative bacteria ( and ) and Gram-positive bacteria ( and . sp.). HUDM-SB achieved antibacterial efficacy exceeding 95.0% against four bacterial species. Furthermore, the sulfobetaine moieties on the surfaces of the IPUDM-SB and HUDM-SB coatings effectively inhibited the growth and reproduction of algal cells by preventing microalgae adhesion. This zwitterionic-functionalized polyurushiol coating does not contain antifouling agents, making it a green, environmentally friendly, and high-performance biomaterial-based solution for marine antifouling.
两性离子聚合物涂层通过表面的静电相互作用促进水合层的形成，已被证明在防止生物污垢方面具有功效。它们已成为一类有前途的海洋防污材料。然而，设计多功能、环保且源自天然产物的两性离子聚合物涂层，同时抵抗生物污垢、抑制蛋白质黏附、表现出强抗菌性能并减少藻类黏附，是一项重大挑战。本研究使用两种二异氰酸酯作为交联剂，天然漆酚和乙醇胺作为原料。二异氰酸酯与羟基的偶联反应被用于合成漆酚基前体。随后，将磺酸甜菜碱部分引入漆酚基前体中，开发了两种环保且高性能的两性离子功能化聚漆酚防污涂层，分别命名为 HUDM-SB 和 IPUDM-SB。磺酸甜菜碱功能化聚漆酚涂层表现出显著增强的亲水性，静态水接触角降低至 60°以下，并且表现出优异的抗蛋白质黏附性能。IPUDM-SB 对常见的革兰氏阴性菌（和）和革兰氏阳性菌（和 sp.）具有高达 99.9%的抗菌功效。HUDM-SB 对四种细菌的抗菌功效超过 95.0%。此外，IPUDM-SB 和 HUDM-SB 涂层表面的磺酸甜菜碱部分通过防止微藻黏附，有效抑制了藻类细胞的生长和繁殖。这种两性离子功能化聚漆酚涂层不含防污剂，是一种绿色、环保且高性能的基于生物材料的海洋防污解决方案。
