Hammad Ahmed M, Eltahan Amira, Hassan Hamdy A, Abbas Nasser H, Hussien Heba, Shimamoto Tadashi
Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.
Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.
Foods. 2022 Jan 25;11(3):332. doi: 10.3390/foods11030332.
The aim of this study was to assess the hygienic status of raw milk cheese and determine the trends of virulence and antimicrobial resistance in thermotolerant . Two hundred samples of karish, a popular Egyptian fresh raw milk cheese, were analyzed for coliforms and fecal coliforms using a standard most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, 85% of samples were unsuitable for consumption, as they exceeded Egyptian standards for coliforms (10 MPN/g), and 65% of samples exhibited coliforms at 44.5 °C. Of 150 recovered thermotolerant strains, 140 (93.3%) were identified as . Importantly, one Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) strain carrying a striking virulence pattern, 1-, 2+, -, was detected. Eleven strains (7.8%, 11/140) showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. Antibiotic resistance genes included , , , (A), and (B), which were present in 4.3%, 2.8%, 0.71%, 2.1%, and 0.71% of isolates, respectively. In conclusion, this study indicated that hygienic-sanitary failures occurred throughout the production process of most retail karish cheese. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the need for adopting third-generation cephalosporin-resistant as an indicator for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in raw milk cheese to identify the potential public health burden associated with its consumption.
本研究的目的是评估生乳奶酪的卫生状况，并确定耐热菌的毒力和抗菌耐药性趋势。使用标准最大可能数（MPN）技术对200份流行的埃及新鲜生乳奶酪karish样本进行了大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群分析。总体而言，85%的样本不符合食用标准，因为它们超过了埃及大肠菌群标准（10 MPN/g），65%的样本在44.5°C下检测出大肠菌群。在150株分离出的耐热菌株中，140株（93.3%）被鉴定为[具体细菌名称未给出]。重要的是，检测到一株携带显著毒力模式1-、2+、-的产志贺毒素[具体细菌名称未给出]（STEC）菌株。11株菌株（7.8%，11/140）对第三代头孢菌素耐药。抗生素耐药基因包括[具体基因名称未给出]、[具体基因名称未给出]、[具体基因名称未给出]、[具体基因名称未给出]（A）和[具体基因名称未给出]（B），分别存在于4.3%、2.8%、0.71%、2.1%和0.71%的分离株中。总之，本研究表明，大多数零售karish奶酪的整个生产过程中都存在卫生-卫生缺陷。此外，我们的研究结果强调，需要采用对第三代头孢菌素耐药的[具体细菌名称未给出]作为监测生乳奶酪抗菌耐药性的指标，以确定与其消费相关的潜在公共卫生负担。
