Chernikova Elena V, Kudryavtsev Yaroslav V
A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Jan 31;14(3):570. doi: 10.3390/polym14030570.
The parallel development of reversible deactivation radical polymerization and click reaction concepts significantly enriches the toolbox of synthetic polymer chemistry. The synergistic effect of combining these approaches manifests itself in a growth of interest to the design of well-defined functional polymers and their controlled conjugation with biomolecules, drugs, and inorganic surfaces. In this review, we discuss the results obtained with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and different types of click reactions on low- and high-molar-mass reactants. Our classification of literature sources is based on the typical structure of macromolecules produced by the RAFT technique. The review addresses click reactions, immediate or preceded by a modification of another type, on the leaving and stabilizing groups inherited by a growing macromolecule from the chain transfer agent, as well as on the side groups coming from monomers entering the polymerization process. Architecture and self-assembling properties of the resulting polymers are briefly discussed with regard to their potential functional applications, which include drug delivery, protein recognition, anti-fouling and anti-corrosion coatings, the compatibilization of polymer blends, the modification of fillers to increase their dispersibility in polymer matrices, etc.
可逆失活自由基聚合和点击反应概念的并行发展极大地丰富了合成聚合物化学的工具库。将这些方法结合起来的协同效应体现在对设计结构明确的功能聚合物及其与生物分子、药物和无机表面的可控共轭的兴趣日益增长。在本综述中,我们讨论了通过可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合以及对低摩尔质量和高摩尔质量反应物进行不同类型点击反应所获得的结果。我们对文献来源的分类基于RAFT技术产生的大分子的典型结构。本综述涉及在增长的大分子从链转移剂继承的离去基团和稳定基团上,以及在进入聚合过程的单体的侧基上进行的点击反应,这些反应可以是直接进行的,也可以是先进行另一种类型的修饰之后进行的。关于所得聚合物的潜在功能应用,包括药物递送、蛋白质识别、防污和防腐涂层、聚合物共混物的增容、填料改性以提高其在聚合物基体中的分散性等,简要讨论了所得聚合物的结构和自组装性能。