MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2015 Jun 21;44(12):4091-130. doi: 10.1039/c4cs00528g.
Hyperbranched polymers (HPs) are highly branched three-dimensional (3D) macromolecules. Their globular and dendritic architectures endow them with unique structures and properties such as abundant functional groups, intramolecular cavities, low viscosity, and high solubility. HPs can be facilely synthesized via a one-pot polymerization of traditional small molecular monomers or emerging macromonomers. The great development in synthetic strategies, from click polymerization (i.e., copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, metal-free azide-alkyne cycloaddition, strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition, thiol-ene/yne addition, Diels-Alder cycloaddition, Menschutkin reaction, and aza-Michael addition) to recently reported multicomponent reactions, gives rise to diverse HPs with desirable functional/hetero-functional groups and topologies such as segmented or sequential ones. Benefiting from tailorable structures and correspondingly special properties, the achieved HPs have been widely applied in various fields such as light-emitting materials, nanoscience and technology, supramolecular chemistry, biomaterials, hybrid materials and composites, coatings, adhesives, and modifiers. In this review, we mainly focus on the progress in the structural control, synthesis, functionalization, and potential applications of both conventional and segmented HPs reported over the last decade.
超支化聚合物（HPs）是高度支化的三维（3D）大分子。它们的球形和树枝状结构赋予它们独特的结构和性质，如丰富的官能团、分子内空腔、低粘度和高溶解度。HPs 可以通过传统小分子单体或新兴大分子单体的一锅聚合轻松合成。从点击聚合（例如铜催化的叠氮-炔环加成、无金属叠氮-炔环加成、应变促进的叠氮-炔环加成、硫醇-烯/炔加成、Diels-Alder 环加成、Menschutkin 反应和氮杂-Michael 加成）到最近报道的多组分反应，合成策略的巨大发展导致了具有理想功能/杂功能基团和拓扑结构的各种 HPs，例如分段或顺序的 HPs。受益于可定制的结构和相应的特殊性质，所得到的 HPs 已广泛应用于发光材料、纳米科学和技术、超分子化学、生物材料、混合材料和复合材料、涂料、胶粘剂和改性剂等各个领域。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注过去十年中报道的常规和分段 HPs 在结构控制、合成、功能化和潜在应用方面的进展。
