Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Study Center of Italian Osteopathy and Horus Social Cooperative, 95100 Catania, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 20;19(3):1113. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031113.
Sambo is a martial art and combat sport that originated in the Soviet Union. There are two main stiles, Sport Sambo and Combat Sambo which resembles modern mixed martial arts. Very little literature is available about physiological aspects of Sambo and, in particular, on the possible effects on cognitive domains. The purpose of the present research was to determine if there is a correlation between a blood lactate increase and the intensity and/or selectivity of attentions.
Sixteen male athletes practicing Sambo for at least 5 years participated voluntarily in the study. Each athlete had to sustain, with an interval of one week, both a Sport Sambo match and a Combat Sambo match, each lasting 5 min. Blood lactate levels as well as attentive capacities were evaluated at three different times: at rest, i.e., 5 min before the start of the session (pre), at end of the session and 15 min after its conclusion. Reaction time protocol was used to evaluate the intensity of attention, whereas divided attention was assessed for analyzing the selectivity of attention together with errors and omissions.
Concerning Sport Sambo, blood lactate was 1.66 mmol/L (±0.55 SD) before the session, reached a mean value of 3.40 mmol/L (±0.45 SD) at the end of the session (end) and returned to values similar to initial ones (a mean value of 1.98 mmol/L (±0.37 SD) after 15 min (15-end). None of the attentive parameters examined, showed statistically significant differences. Conversely, for Combat Sambo, it was found a significant increase in blood lactate levels that went from 1.66 mmol/L (±0.55 SD) before the session (pre), to 4.76 mmol/L (±0.60 SD) at the end (end) and then back to values similar to those observed before the session 15 min after its conclusion (15-end), i.e., 1.97 mmol/L (±0.37 SD); however, after a Combat Sambo session increases in blood lactate were associated with significant worsening of attentional mechanisms.
In conclusion, in all the participants, the worsening of attentional mechanisms was observed only after the Combat Sambo session in which blood lactate values exceeded 4 mmol/L. This figure, also known as the Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA), is commonly used to determine the anaerobic threshold.
桑搏是一种起源于苏联的武术和格斗运动。它有两种主要风格，即运动桑搏和格斗桑搏，类似于现代综合格斗。关于桑搏的生理学方面，尤其是对认知领域可能产生的影响，相关文献很少。本研究的目的是确定血液乳酸的增加是否与注意力的强度和/或选择性有关。
16 名男性桑搏运动员至少练习 5 年，自愿参加了这项研究。每位运动员必须在一周的间隔内，分别进行一次运动桑搏比赛和一次格斗桑搏比赛，每场比赛持续 5 分钟。在三个不同的时间点评估血液乳酸水平和注意力能力：休息时，即比赛前 5 分钟（pre）、比赛结束时（end）和比赛结束后 15 分钟。使用反应时间方案评估注意力强度，而使用分散注意力评估注意力的选择性，同时评估错误和遗漏。
对于运动桑搏，赛前血液乳酸浓度为 1.66mmol/L（±0.55SD），比赛结束时达到 3.40mmol/L（±0.45SD）的平均值，15 分钟后（15-end）恢复到接近初始值的 1.98mmol/L（±0.37SD）。没有一个被检查的注意力参数显示出统计学上的显著差异。相反，对于格斗桑搏，发现血液乳酸水平显著增加，从赛前的 1.66mmol/L（±0.55SD）上升到比赛结束时的 4.76mmol/L（±0.60SD），然后在比赛结束后 15 分钟恢复到接近赛前的水平，即 1.97mmol/L（±0.37SD）；然而，在格斗桑搏比赛后，血液乳酸的增加与注意力机制的显著恶化有关。
总之，在所有参与者中，只有在血液乳酸值超过 4mmol/L 的格斗桑搏比赛后，才观察到注意力机制的恶化。这个数值，也被称为血液乳酸积累的起始点（OBLA），通常用于确定无氧阈值。
