The Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 29;19(3):1578. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031578.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether housing age in combination with neighborhood poverty, as a proxy for fetal exposure to heavy metal lead, is associated with adverse birth outcomes. We linked population-level birth certificate data for Black, Hispanic, White and Other women, stratified by nativity, from 2009-2011 in Texas ( = 1,040,642) to census the tract-level median housing age/poverty level from the American Community Survey, 2007-2011. Tracts with median housing age values before 1975 with a poverty level of 20% or more were considered to be neighborhoods with a high risk of exposure to deteriorating lead-based paint. We estimated multilevel models to examine the relationship between neighborhood housing age/poverty level and each dependent variable (preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational age). The odds of adverse birth outcomes were significantly higher for mothers living in high-poverty neighborhoods with median housing built before the lead-based paint ban. Increased awareness of-and improved methods of alleviating- ubiquitous lead-based paint exposure in Texas may be necessary interventions for positive developmental trajectories of children. Allocating federal funds for place-based interventions, including universal lead paint mitigation, in older, high-poverty neighborhoods may reduce the disproportionate risk of adverse birth outcomes.
本研究旨在确定住房年龄与邻里贫困（作为胎儿接触重金属铅的代表）相结合是否与不良出生结局相关。我们将德克萨斯州 2009-2011 年按出生原籍分层的黑人、西班牙裔、白人和其他女性的人群水平出生证明数据（= 1,040,642）与 2007-2011 年美国社区调查的普查区层面中位数住房年龄/贫困水平相关联。被认为存在高暴露于不断恶化的含铅油漆风险的邻里，是指中位数住房年龄值在 1975 年之前且贫困水平为 20%或更高的普查区。我们估计了多层次模型，以检验邻里住房年龄/贫困水平与每个因变量（早产、低出生体重、小于胎龄儿）之间的关系。居住在贫困率较高、中位数住房建于含铅油漆禁令之前的邻里的母亲，其不良出生结局的几率显著更高。提高对德克萨斯州普遍存在的含铅油漆暴露的认识，并改善缓解这种暴露的方法，可能是儿童积极发展轨迹所必需的干预措施。在较旧的、贫困率较高的邻里中，为基于地点的干预措施（包括普遍的减轻含铅油漆）分配联邦资金，可能会降低不良出生结局的不成比例风险。
