Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 31;23(3):1654. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031654.
Prostaglandins (PGs) play many essential roles in the development, immunity, metabolism, and reproduction of animals. In vertebrates, arachidonic acid (ARA) is generally converted to prostaglandin G (PGG) and H (PGH) by cyclooxygenase (COX); then, various biologically active PGs are produced through different downstream prostaglandin synthases (PGSs), while PGs are inactivated by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH). However, there is very limited knowledge of the PG biochemical pathways in invertebrates, particularly for crustaceans. In this study, nine genes involved in the prostaglandin pathway, including a , seven s (, , , , , and ), and a were identified based on the Pacific white shrimp () genome, indicating a more complete PG pathway from synthesis to inactivation in crustaceans than in insects and mollusks. The homologous genes are conserved in amino acid sequences and structural domains, similar to those of related species. The expression patterns of these genes were further analyzed in a variety of tissues and developmental processes by RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR. The mRNA expression of was relatively stable in various tissues, while other genes were specifically expressed in distant tissues. During embryo development to post-larvae, , , , and expressions increased significantly, and increasing trends were also observed on , , and at the post-molting stage. During the ovarian maturation, decreasing trends were found on , , and in the hepatopancreas, but all gene expressions remained relatively stable in ovaries. In conclusion, this study provides basic knowledge for the synthesis and inactivation pathway of PG in crustaceans, which may contribute to the understanding of their regulatory mechanism in ontogenetic development and reproduction.
前列腺素（PGs）在动物的发育、免疫、代谢和生殖中发挥着许多重要作用。在脊椎动物中，花生四烯酸（ARA）通常通过环氧化酶（COX）转化为前列腺素 G（PGG）和 H（PGH）；然后，通过不同的下游前列腺素合酶（PGSs）产生各种具有生物活性的 PGs，而 PGs 则通过 15-羟前列腺素脱氢酶（PGDH）失活。然而，对于无脊椎动物，特别是甲壳类动物，有关 PG 生化途径的知识非常有限。在本研究中，根据太平洋白对虾（）基因组，鉴定了九个涉及前列腺素途径的基因，包括一个，七个（，，，，，和）和一个，这表明甲壳类动物的前列腺素途径从合成到失活比昆虫和软体动物更为完整。同源基因在氨基酸序列和结构域上保守，与相关物种相似。通过 RNA 测序和定量实时 PCR 进一步分析了这些基因在各种组织和发育过程中的表达模式。在各种组织中，的 mRNA 表达相对稳定，而其他基因则特异性地在远距离组织中表达。在胚胎发育到幼体阶段，，，和的表达显著增加，在蜕皮后期，和的表达也呈上升趋势。在卵巢成熟过程中，在肝胰腺中发现，，和的表达呈下降趋势，但在卵巢中所有基因的表达仍相对稳定。总之，本研究为甲壳类动物 PG 的合成和失活途径提供了基础知识，这可能有助于理解其在个体发育和生殖中的调控机制。
