Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 6;23(3):1833. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031833.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, differentiated CD8+ T cells, use multiple mechanisms to mediate their function, including release of granules containing perforin and granzymes at target cells. Granzymes are a family of cytotoxic proteases that each act on unique sets of biological substrates within target cells, usually to induce cell death. Granzymes are differentially expressed within T cells, depending on their environment and activation state, making the granzyme cytotoxic pathway dynamic and responsive to individual circumstances. In this review, we describe what is currently known about granzyme structure, processing, and granzyme-induced cell death in the context of cancer and in some other inflammatory diseases.
细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞，分化的 CD8+T 细胞，利用多种机制来发挥其功能，包括在靶细胞上释放含有穿孔素和颗粒酶的颗粒。颗粒酶是一类细胞毒性蛋白酶，它们在靶细胞内作用于独特的生物底物，通常诱导细胞死亡。颗粒酶在 T 细胞内的表达不同，取决于它们的环境和激活状态，使颗粒酶的细胞毒性途径具有动态性，并能对个体情况做出反应。在这篇综述中，我们描述了目前已知的颗粒酶结构、加工以及在癌症和一些其他炎症性疾病中的颗粒酶诱导细胞死亡的情况。
