Master of Science Program in Toxicology and Nutrition for Food Safety, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
Molecules. 2022 Jan 26;27(3):820. doi: 10.3390/molecules27030820.
Green extraction is aimed at reducing energy consumption by using renewable plant sources and environmentally friendly bio-solvents. Lime () is a rich source of flavonoids (e.g., hesperidin) and limonoids (e.g., limonin). Manufacturing of lime products (e.g., lime juice) yields a considerable amount of lime peel as food waste that should be comprehensively exploited. The aim of this study was to develop a green and simple extraction method to acquire the highest yield of both limonin and hesperidin from the lime peel. The study method included ethanolic-aqueous extraction and variable factors, i.e., ethanol concentrations, pH values of solvent, and extraction temperature. The response surface methodology was used to optimize extraction conditions. The concentrations of limonin and hesperidin were determined by using UHPLC-MS/MS. Results showed that the yields of limonin and hesperidin significantly depended on ethanol concentrations and extraction temperature, while pH value had the least effect. The optimal extraction condition with the highest amounts of limonin and hesperidin was 80% ethanol at pH 7, 50 °C, which yields 2.072 and 3.353 mg/g of limonin and hesperidin, respectively. This study illustrates a green extraction process using food waste, e.g., lime peel, as an energy-saving source and ethanol as a bio-solvent to achieve the highest amount of double bioactive compounds.
绿色提取旨在通过使用可再生植物资源和环保型生物溶剂来减少能源消耗。石灰（）是类黄酮（如橙皮苷）和柠檬苦素（如柠檬苦素）的丰富来源。制造石灰产品（如石灰汁）会产生大量的石灰皮作为食物废物，应该进行综合利用。本研究旨在开发一种绿色简单的提取方法，从石灰皮中获得最高产量的柠檬苦素和橙皮苷。该研究方法包括醇-水提取和可变因素，即乙醇浓度、溶剂 pH 值和提取温度。采用响应面法优化提取条件。用 UHPLC-MS/MS 测定柠檬苦素和橙皮苷的浓度。结果表明，柠檬苦素和橙皮苷的产率显著依赖于乙醇浓度和提取温度，而 pH 值的影响最小。最佳提取条件为 80%乙醇在 pH 7、50°C，柠檬苦素和橙皮苷的产量分别为 2.072 和 3.353mg/g。本研究说明了一种绿色提取工艺，使用食物废物（如石灰皮）作为节能资源，乙醇作为生物溶剂，以获得最高量的双生物活性化合物。
