SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
Molecules. 2022 Jan 27;27(3):832. doi: 10.3390/molecules27030832.
The concentrations, potential sources, and compositional profile of PBDEs in the surface water and sediment of Nahoon Estuary, East London, South Africa, were investigated with solid-phase extraction and ultra-sonication, respectively, followed by gas-chromatography-electron capture detection. The seasonal range of the contaminants' concentrations in water and sediment samples in spring season were ∑PBDE 329 ± 48.3 ng/L (25.32-785 ng/L) and ∑PBDE 4.19 ± 0.35 ng/g dw (1.91-6.57 ng/g), but ∑PBDE 62.1 ± 1.50 ng/L (30.1-110 ng/L) and ∑PBDE 65.4 ± 15.9 ng/g dw (1.98-235 ng/g) in summer, respectively. NH1 (first sampling point) was the most contaminated site with PBDE in the Estuary. The potential source of pollution is attributed to the stormwater runoff from a creek emptying directly into the Estuary. This study's dominant PBDE congener is BDE-17, ranging from below detection limit to 247 ng/L and 0.14-32.1 ng/g in water and sediment samples, respectively. Most detected at all the sites were BDE-17, 47, 66, and 100. Most BDE-153 and 183 are found in sediment in agreement with the fact that higher brominated congeners of PBDE adsorb to solid materials. There was no correlation between the congeners and organic carbon and organic matter. However, the human health risk assessment conducted revealed that the PBDE concentration detected in the estuary poses a low eco-toxicological risk. Nevertheless, constant monitoring should be ensured to see that the river remains safe for the users, as it serves as a form of recreation to the public and a catchment to some neighbourhoods.
本研究采用固相萃取和超声提取技术，结合气相色谱-电子捕获检测法，调查了南非东伦敦纳洪河口地表水和沉积物中多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）的浓度、潜在来源和组成特征。在春季，水中和沉积物样品中污染物浓度的季节性范围分别为∑PBDE 329 ± 48.3 ng/L（25.32-785 ng/L）和∑PBDE 4.19 ± 0.35 ng/g dw（1.91-6.57 ng/g），但在夏季分别为∑PBDE 62.1 ± 1.50 ng/L（30.1-110 ng/L）和∑PBDE 65.4 ± 15.9 ng/g dw（1.98-235 ng/g）。河口中 NH1（第一个采样点）是受 PBDE 污染最严重的站点。污染的潜在来源归因于直接排入河口的小溪的雨水径流。本研究中主要的 PBDE 同系物是 BDE-17，其浓度范围从低于检测限到 247ng/L 和 0.14-32.1ng/g，分别存在于水样和沉积物样品中。在所有采样点均检测到的主要同系物为 BDE-17、47、66 和 100。BDE-153 和 183 主要存在于沉积物中，这与较高溴代 PBDE 同系物吸附到固体物质上的事实一致。同系物与有机碳和有机物之间没有相关性。然而，进行的人类健康风险评估表明，河口中检测到的 PBDE 浓度对生态毒性风险较低。尽管如此，仍应确保进行持续监测，以确保河流对使用者的安全，因为它是公众娱乐的一种形式，也是一些社区的集水区。
