Oklund S A, Prolo D J, Gutierrez R V, King S E
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986 Apr(205):269-91.
Adult dog skull defects larger than 17 mm do not spontaneously heal. A quest for a potentially viable, cosmetically, mechanically, and technically acceptable template for human cranial reconstruction prompted a comparison of processed autogeneic and allogeneic bone implants with a fresh autograft control in the dog. Quantitative reproducible observations demonstrated that fresh calvarial bone autografts were superior to the nonviable implants in volume percent defect filled, mm2 new cortical bone, mm2 new and old cortical bone, and cortical bone porosity. Frozen autografts achieved 75%, antigen-extracted, autolyzed, partially demineralized auto- and allografts, 50% of the overall efficiency of fresh autografts. Fresh cancellous bone added to allografts did not improve long-term repair. Remodeling of all grafts appeared consistent with osteoconductive invasion by peripheral host endosteal and diploic elements; host external periosteum and dura contributed less. Central osteoinductive recruitment of mesenchymal cells from muscle or dura seemed not to occur in the adult dog. Partially demineralized dog calvarial grafts were resorbed without acting as a template for new bone formation. Surface demineralization, antigen extraction, and autolytic digestion of autografts and allografts, with or without fresh iliac bone, did not improve calvarial bone regeneration in adult dogs.
成年犬颅骨缺损大于17毫米时不会自发愈合。对一种在美观、机械和技术上都可接受的人类颅骨重建潜在可行模板的探索促使对犬进行自体和异体骨植入物与新鲜自体移植对照的比较。定量可重复观察表明，新鲜颅骨自体移植在填充缺损的体积百分比、新皮质骨面积（平方毫米）、新旧皮质骨面积（平方毫米）和皮质骨孔隙率方面优于无活力的植入物。冷冻自体移植达到新鲜自体移植总体效率的75%，抗原提取、自溶、部分脱矿的自体和异体移植达到50%。添加到异体移植中的新鲜松质骨并未改善长期修复效果。所有移植的重塑似乎与外周宿主骨内膜和板障成分的骨传导性侵入一致；宿主外部骨膜和硬脑膜的作用较小。成年犬似乎未发生从肌肉或硬脑膜中进行间充质细胞的中央骨诱导募集。部分脱矿的犬颅骨移植被吸收，未作为新骨形成的模板。自体和异体移植的表面脱矿、抗原提取和自溶消化，无论有无新鲜髂骨，均未改善成年犬颅骨骨再生。
