Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018 Jan 2;8(1):a025775. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025775.
The craniofacial complex is composed of fundamental components such as blood vessels and nerves, and also a variety of specialized tissues such as craniofacial bones, cartilages, muscles, ligaments, and the highly specialized and unique organs, the teeth. Together, these structures provide many functions including speech, mastication, and aesthetics of the craniofacial complex. Craniofacial defects not only influence the structure and function of the jaws and face, but may also result in deleterious psychosocial issues, emphasizing the need for rapid and effective, precise, and aesthetic reconstruction of craniofacial tissues. In a broad sense, craniofacial tissue reconstructions share many of the same issues as noncraniofacial tissue reconstructions. Therefore, many concepts and therapies for general tissue engineering can and have been used for craniofacial tissue regeneration. Still, repair of craniofacial defects presents unique challenges, mainly because of their complex and unique 3D geometry.
颅面复合体由血管和神经等基本组成部分，以及颅面骨、软骨、肌肉、韧带等各种专门组织，还有高度专门和独特的器官——牙齿组成。这些结构共同提供了许多功能，包括言语、咀嚼和颅面复合体的美观。颅面缺陷不仅会影响颌面部的结构和功能，还可能导致有害的社会心理问题，强调需要快速、有效、精确和美观地重建颅面组织。广义上讲，颅面组织重建与非颅面组织重建有许多共同的问题。因此，许多一般性组织工程的概念和疗法都可以而且已经用于颅面组织再生。尽管如此，颅面缺陷的修复仍存在独特的挑战，主要是因为它们的复杂和独特的 3D 几何形状。
