Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Atlanta, Georgia.
J Adolesc Health. 2022 Apr;70(4):584-587. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.11.032. Epub 2022 Feb 11.
To examine the association between state laws protecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) students and school districts' recommendations or requirements for establishing gay-straight alliances (GSAs) in schools. Beginning in fall 2013, 19 state education agencies (SEAs) engaged in HIV/STI and pregnancy prevention activities in "priority" school districts. SEAs provided support to priority districts to require or recommend GSAs in their schools.
This study used semi-annually collected program evaluation data and state law data from the Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network. We assessed whether increases in the percentage of priority districts recommending or requiring schools to provide GSAs varied by the presence of nondiscrimination or enumerated antibullying laws with a difference-in-difference design.
States with nondiscrimination laws began with more priority districts recommending or requiring schools to provide GSAs (52.5%) compared to states without laws (47.5%). We found a significant interaction (p < .01) between increases in the percentage of priority districts recommending or requiring a GSA and having a state nondiscrimination law. Across the first 3 years of program implementation, there was a 30% increase (p < .01) in priority districts recommending or requiring schools to provide GSAs in states with nondiscrimination laws, compared to a 12% increase (p < .01) in states without laws. There was no significant interaction between states with enumerated antibullying laws and districts recommending or requiring a GSA.
State LGBTQ nondiscrimination laws for students may facilitate school district support of GSAs, which may decrease health risks among LGBTQ youth.
研究保护女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别和疑问/变性（LGBTQ）学生的州法律与学校建议或要求建立同性恋异性恋联盟（GSA）之间的关联。从 2013 年秋季开始，19 个州教育机构（SEA）在“优先”学区开展艾滋病毒/性传播感染和怀孕预防活动。SEA 为优先地区提供支持，要求或建议其学校建立 GSA。
本研究使用来自同性恋、双性恋和异性恋教育网络的半年度收集的计划评估数据和州法律数据。我们评估了优先地区建议或要求学校提供 GSA 的百分比增加是否因存在非歧视或列举的反欺凌法律而有所不同，采用差异设计。
有非歧视法律的州开始时，建议或要求学校提供 GSA 的优先地区比例（52.5%）高于没有法律的州（47.5%）。我们发现，优先地区建议或要求提供 GSA 的百分比增加与有州非歧视法律之间存在显著的交互作用（p <.01）。在计划实施的头 3 年，有非歧视法律的州中建议或要求学校提供 GSA 的优先地区比例增加了 30%（p <.01），而没有法律的州中增加了 12%（p <.01）。有列举的反欺凌法律的州与建议或要求提供 GSA 的地区之间没有显著的交互作用。
针对学生的州 LGBTQ 非歧视法律可能会促进学区对 GSA 的支持，这可能会降低 LGBTQ 青年的健康风险。
