Escandell Rico F M, Pérez Fernández L, Maciá Soler L, Requena Puche J
Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España.
Departamento de Salud de Orihuela, Centro de Salud Almoradí, Orihuela, Alicante, España.
J Healthc Qual Res. 2022 Jul-Aug;37(4):201-207. doi: 10.1016/j.jhqr.2022.01.002. Epub 2022 Feb 12.
Influenza is one of the diseases with the greatest epidemiological impact and the greatest relevance in the management of health services. The flu vaccine can have great variability each season, so our objective was to know the effectiveness of the flu vaccine for the 2017/2018 season for the prevention of severe cases of flu in a general acute hospital in 385 beds.
Case control study. All hospitalized patients with laboratory confirmed influenza during the 2017/2018 season were included. Those who met the criteria for a severe case of influenza were considered cases. Those that did not meet the severity criteria were considered controls. The factors associated with the development of severe influenza were calculated.
The effectiveness adjusted by age group and comorbidity was 60.7% (20.5-80.5). The vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were different in terms of age (P<.0381). The highest proportion of cases were concentrated in those over 65 years of age (45.5%). Vaccination status against severe influenza was found to be an independent protective factor (OR=.746; .694-.831).
The effectiveness of influenza vaccination provided greater protection against infection and reduced the severity of influenza in hospitalized patients. These findings should be considered to improve vaccination strategies and achieve better vaccination coverage in the population at risk.
流感是对流行病学影响最大且在卫生服务管理中最为重要的疾病之一。流感疫苗在每个季节的效果可能有很大差异，因此我们的目标是了解2017/2018季节流感疫苗在一家拥有385张床位的综合急症医院预防严重流感病例方面的有效性。
病例对照研究。纳入了2017/2018季节所有实验室确诊为流感的住院患者。符合严重流感病例标准的患者被视为病例组。不符合严重程度标准的患者被视为对照组。计算与严重流感发生相关的因素。
按年龄组和合并症调整后的有效性为60.7%（20.5 - 80.5）。接种疫苗组和未接种疫苗组在年龄方面存在差异（P <.0381）。病例的最高比例集中在65岁以上人群（45.5%）。发现针对严重流感的疫苗接种状态是一个独立的保护因素（OR =.746；.694 -.831）。
流感疫苗接种的有效性为住院患者提供了更大的感染防护，并降低了流感的严重程度。应考虑这些发现以改进疫苗接种策略，并在高危人群中实现更好的疫苗接种覆盖率。
