Edwin CK Tan, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006,
J Nutr Health Aging. 2022;26(2):133-138. doi: 10.1007/s12603-022-1732-9.
Despite limited evidence of clinical benefits, dietary supplement use is increasingly common among older adults. The aim of this study was to characterise the prevalence of dietary supplement use in a national sample of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults and investigate factors associated with its use.
DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a biennial, nationally representative survey of individuals aged 50 years and older in the United States. This study combined data from the 2013/14 Health Care and Nutrition Survey (HCNS) and 2012 Core Survey.
The primary outcome was the use of any dietary supplement at least once a week. Secondary outcomes were the use of multivitamins and specific vitamin and supplement types. Multivariable regression models were used to identify factors associated with any dietary supplement use.
A total of 6045 participants (weighted n = 71,268,015) were included in the final analytical sample (mean age 67.7 years, 59.3% female). Of these, 84.6% (n=60,292,704) were regular dietary supplement users, with participants taking a mean of 3.2±0.1 different dietary supplements and 41.9% taking four or more. Multivitamins were the most common, used by 57.5% (n=41,147,146) of participants. Other commonly used dietary supplements were vitamin D, fish oil, calcium, vitamin C, and vitamin B12. Older age (75+ years), female sex, higher education, daily alcohol use, vigorous physical activity, regular medication use, and arthritis were associated with higher odds of dietary supplement use.
In this sample of middle-aged and older Americans, more than 4 out of 5 used a dietary supplement. Certain demographic, behavioural, and clinical factors were associated with their use. Given the lack of evidence for improving health outcomes, our findings suggest potential overuse of dietary supplements in people over the age of 50.
尽管临床获益的证据有限，但膳食补充剂的使用在老年人中越来越普遍。本研究旨在描述全国社区中年和老年人中膳食补充剂使用的流行情况，并探讨其使用的相关因素。
设计/环境/参与者：这是一项使用美国健康与退休研究（HRS）数据的横断面研究，该研究是对美国 50 岁及以上人群进行的一项两年一次的全国代表性调查。本研究结合了 2013/14 年健康护理和营养调查（HCNS）和 2012 年核心调查的数据。
主要结局是每周至少使用一次任何膳食补充剂。次要结局是使用多种维生素以及特定的维生素和补充剂类型。使用多变量回归模型来确定与任何膳食补充剂使用相关的因素。
共有 6045 名参与者（加权 n=71268015）纳入最终分析样本（平均年龄 67.7 岁，59.3%为女性）。其中，84.6%（n=60292704）为常规膳食补充剂使用者，参与者平均使用 3.2±0.1 种不同的膳食补充剂，41.9%的人使用四种或更多。多种维生素最常用，有 57.5%（n=41147146）的参与者使用。其他常用的膳食补充剂包括维生素 D、鱼油、钙、维生素 C 和维生素 B12。年龄较大（75 岁及以上）、女性、较高的教育程度、每日饮酒、剧烈的身体活动、经常使用药物和关节炎与更高的膳食补充剂使用几率相关。
在本研究中，超过 4/5 的中年和美国老年人使用了膳食补充剂。某些人口统计学、行为和临床因素与他们的使用有关。鉴于改善健康结果的证据有限，我们的发现表明 50 岁以上人群对膳食补充剂的潜在过度使用。
