Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Place, Campus Box B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
BMC Complement Med Ther. 2024 Aug 30;24(1):319. doi: 10.1186/s12906-024-04623-x.
Dietary supplement (DS) use is common and increasing among older adults, though much data available on use frequencies are from surveys and performed cross-sectionally. This paper sought to assess the frequency and pattern of dietary supplement use among older adults over time.
A secondary analysis of data from the AAA LongROAD study, a longitudinal prospective cohort study of older adult drivers, using data from baseline and the first two years of follow up included a total of 2990 drivers aged 65-79 years recruited at five study sites across the US from July 2015 to March 2017. Participants underwent baseline and annual evaluations, which included a "brown bag" medication review. DS were identified and categorized according to type and key components. Prevalence and pattern of DS use over time and relationship to demographics were measured with frequency and Chi squared analyses.
84% of participants took at least one dietary supplement during the 2-year study period, and 55% of participants continually reported use. DS accounted for approximately 30% of the total pharmacologic-pill burden in all years. Participants who were White non-Hispanic, female, 75-79 years of age at baseline, and on more non-supplement medications took significantly more dietary supplements (P < 0.05). Vitamin D, multivitamins, calcium, and omega-3 formulations were the most common supplements, with stable use over time. Use of individual herbal supplements and cannabis products was uncommon (< 1% participants per year).
DS use among older adults is common and relatively stable over time and contributes to polypharmacy. In clinical settings, providers should consider the influence of DS formulations on polypharmacy, and the associated cost, risk of medication interactions, and effect on medication compliance.
膳食补充剂（DS）的使用在老年人中很常见，而且还在不断增加，尽管目前可用的使用频率数据大多来自调查，且都是横断面研究。本文旨在评估随着时间的推移，老年人中膳食补充剂的使用频率和模式。
对 AAA LongROAD 研究数据进行二次分析，该研究是一项针对老年驾驶员的纵向前瞻性队列研究，共纳入了 2990 名年龄在 65-79 岁的参与者，他们在 2015 年 7 月至 2017 年 3 月期间从美国五个研究点招募。参与者接受了基线和每年一次的评估，包括“棕色袋子”药物审查。根据类型和关键成分对 DS 进行了识别和分类。使用频率和卡方分析测量了随着时间的推移 DS 使用的流行率和模式，以及与人口统计学的关系。
在 2 年的研究期间，84%的参与者至少服用了一种膳食补充剂，55%的参与者持续报告使用。在所有年份中，DS 约占总药物负担的 30%。在基线时为白人非西班牙裔、女性、75-79 岁、服用更多非补充药物的参与者，服用的膳食补充剂明显更多（P<0.05）。维生素 D、多种维生素、钙和欧米伽-3 配方是最常见的补充剂，随着时间的推移使用相对稳定。每年使用个别草药补充剂和大麻产品的人很少（<1%的参与者）。
老年人中 DS 的使用很常见，且随着时间的推移相对稳定，并导致了药物的多重使用。在临床环境中，提供者应考虑 DS 配方对多重用药的影响，以及相关的成本、药物相互作用的风险和对药物依从性的影响。
