Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Viral Immunol. 2022 Mar;35(2):142-149. doi: 10.1089/vim.2021.0097. Epub 2022 Feb 15.
Human health has always been challenged by variety of viral infections, but severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has surpassed all previous viral diseases and emerged as a major health challenge around the globe. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and serological assay provides a compliment to diagnosis after second week of infection. The aim of the study is the characterization of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood sample of diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and its potential association with factors such as age, gender, time, and symptoms. Serum from 248 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients was investigated for antibodies. Elecsys anti-SARS chemiluminescent immune assay was performed for the detection of nucleocapsid-specific antibodies. Association of antibody response with gender, age, and time after onset of symptoms was analyzed. Among 248 PCR positive SARS-CoV-2 patients, 214 (86.3%) have virus-specific antibody signals. Antibodies positivity rate was higher in male patient patients as compared with female patients (90.8% vs. 79.2%, = 0.009). Patients aged 30-40 years had the highest antibody positivity rate as compared with other groups (89.10%, = 0.04). Patients age group >60 years had a lower positivity rate (75%, = 0.04). The increasing trend in the antibodies detection with time was observed, maximum positive antibodies response rate observed at 8 weeks. Patients were categorized on the basis of clinical symptoms into asymptomatic, mild, and moderate; 17.7% were asymptomatic, 60.5% showed mild symptoms, and 21.8% showed moderate symptoms of the disease. Males were seen to be more asymptomatic as compared with females (i.e., 59.1% to 40.9%). The serological test for SARS-CoV-2 has a high sensitivity at >2 weeks after the positive PCR result or onset of illness. In addition, the serological response differs among patients based on gender, age, as well as time between the onset of symptoms or PCR confirmation and sample collection for the study of antibody response.
人类健康一直受到各种病毒感染的挑战，但严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）已经超过了以往所有的病毒性疾病，成为了全球主要的健康挑战。实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）是诊断 SARS-CoV-2 的金标准，而血清学检测则在感染后第二周为诊断提供补充。本研究旨在描述诊断为 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的患者血液样本中针对 SARS-CoV-2 的抗体反应特征，并探讨其与年龄、性别、时间和症状等因素的潜在关联。我们检测了 248 例确诊的 SARS-CoV-2 患者的血清样本，采用 Elecsys 抗 SARS 化学发光免疫分析法检测核衣壳特异性抗体。分析了抗体反应与性别、年龄和症状出现后时间的关系。在 248 例 PCR 阳性的 SARS-CoV-2 患者中，有 214 例（86.3%）出现了病毒特异性抗体信号。与女性患者相比，男性患者的抗体阳性率更高（90.8%比 79.2%， = 0.009）。30-40 岁年龄组患者的抗体阳性率最高（89.10%， = 0.04）。年龄大于 60 岁的患者阳性率较低（75%， = 0.04）。随着时间的推移，抗体检测的阳性率呈上升趋势，在 8 周时观察到最高的阳性抗体反应率。根据临床症状，患者被分为无症状、轻症和中症；17.7%为无症状，60.5%为轻症，21.8%为中症。与女性相比，男性无症状患者更多（即 59.1%比 40.9%）。SARS-CoV-2 的血清学检测在 PCR 结果阳性或发病后 2 周以上具有较高的灵敏度。此外，根据性别、年龄以及症状出现或 PCR 确认与采集研究抗体反应样本之间的时间，患者的血清学反应也有所不同。
