Bernardo Fábio, Alves Arminda, Homem Vera
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 10;824:153821. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153821. Epub 2022 Feb 12.
Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) are found in a broad range of industrial and consumer products. They are categorized as "high production volume chemicals" by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and listed as candidates of substances of very high concern in 2018, by the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). Industrial wastewater and treated effluents may contain VMSs in different amounts, which can be discharged in the receptor media and may lead to environmental contamination. This can result in direct exposure to aquatic receptors in the water column or to benthic invertebrates from contact and/or ingestion of sediments, and indirect exposures through the aquatic food chain. The possible toxicological effects of VMSs for the aquatic biota and human ecology are not very well known since published information regarding this topic is scarce. VMSs have been subjected to regulatory scrutiny for environmental concerns and have already been screened to determine their environmental risk and ecological harm. This paper aims to assess VMSs bioaccumulation and potential biomagnification on food webs, using several bioaccumulation metrics. The result is a high-level overview of all the collected data, comparing the findings and the experimental conditions applied during the assessments. Several studies present conflicting results regarding the bioaccumulation categorization. Some aquatic organisms demonstrated a high bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of these contaminants. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) have been suggested as the most reliable tool to assess a chemical behaviour in food webs. However, bioaccumulation studies in food webs provided mixed information, with some studies indicating trophic dilution and others presenting a potential of trophic biomagnification of VMSs. Efforts should be directed to obtain field-based levels of VMSs at different trophic levels and a wider range of linear VMSs should be analysed, since most studies focused on D4, D5 and D6.
挥发性甲基硅氧烷（VMSs）存在于广泛的工业和消费品中。它们被美国环境保护局归类为“高产量化学品”，并在2018年被化学品注册、评估、授权和限制（REACH）列为高度关注物质候选物。工业废水和处理后的污水可能含有不同数量的VMSs，这些物质可以排放到受体介质中，可能导致环境污染。这可能导致直接接触水柱中的水生受体，或通过接触和/或摄入沉积物而接触底栖无脊椎动物，并通过水生食物链造成间接接触。由于关于这一主题的已发表信息稀缺，VMSs对水生生物群和人类生态可能产生的毒理学影响尚不太清楚。出于环境方面的考虑，VMSs已受到监管审查，并已进行筛选以确定其环境风险和生态危害。本文旨在使用几种生物累积指标评估VMSs在食物网中的生物累积和潜在生物放大作用。结果是对所有收集数据的高层次概述，比较了评估过程中的研究结果和应用的实验条件。一些研究在生物累积分类方面呈现出相互矛盾的结果。一些水生生物表现出这些污染物的高生物浓缩和生物累积。营养放大因子（TMFs）被认为是评估食物网中化学物质行为的最可靠工具。然而，食物网中的生物累积研究提供了混杂的信息，一些研究表明存在营养稀释，而另一些研究则表明VMSs具有营养生物放大的潜力。应致力于获取不同营养级基于实地的VMSs水平，并分析更广泛的线性VMSs，因为大多数研究集中在D4、D5和D6上。
