Department of Civil Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat - 395 007, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Feb 15;194(3):191. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-09820-0.
A year-long study was conducted to assess the quantity and quality characteristics of greywater generated from different sources of an Indian household. The effect of source separation on greywater quantity and pollutant load contribution was also assessed. Composite samples were collected separately over a period of 24 h from each of the greywater source, namely hand basin, bathroom, kitchen, and laundry, and were analysed for different physico-chemical and microbiological parameters. The mean greywater generation averaged 62 L per person per day. Quantitatively, kitchen and bathroom greywater contributed 37 and 31% of the total greywater volume, respectively, while hand basin and laundry greywater accounted for 11 and 21% of the total greywater generation. Kitchen greywater contributed about 60% of the organic load in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), while laundry greywater was the major contributor of heavy metals and PO-P loads. Hand basin and bathroom greywaters were the major sources of total coliforms. The analysis shows that separation of kitchen and laundry greywater is beneficial as it reduces pollutant load considerably.
一项为期一年的研究旨在评估来自印度家庭不同来源的灰水的数量和质量特性。还评估了源头分离对灰水数量和污染物负荷贡献的影响。从每个灰水源头（即洗手盆、浴室、厨房和洗衣房）分别收集了 24 小时的混合样本，并对不同的理化和微生物参数进行了分析。平均每人每天产生的灰水为 62 升。从数量上看，厨房和浴室灰水分别占总灰水体积的 37%和 31%，而洗手盆和洗衣房灰水分别占总灰水生成量的 11%和 21%。就生化需氧量 (BOD) 和化学需氧量 (COD) 而言，厨房灰水贡献了约 60%的有机负荷，而洗衣灰水是重金属和 PO-P 负荷的主要贡献者。洗手盆和浴室灰水是总大肠菌群的主要来源。分析表明，分离厨房和洗衣灰水是有益的，因为它大大减少了污染物负荷。
