Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
Chem Biodivers. 2022 Mar;19(3):e202100954. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202100954. Epub 2022 Feb 15.
The most abundant volatile compounds of sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) essential oil were artemisia ketone (25.4 %) and trans-caryophyllene (10.2 %), followed by 1,8-cineole, camphor, germacrene D and β-selinene. The major volatile compounds in the hydrosol were camphor (25.1 %), 1,8-cineole (20.5 %) and artemisia ketone (10.7 %), followed by trans-pinocarveol and yomogi alcohol. Tested essential oil was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, while the former were identified as the major class of volatile compounds in the hydrosol, due to higher water solubility. Classification of all sweet wormwood chemotypes, according to essential oil composition, in available literature (17 studies and 61 accessions) could be done according to four chemotypes: artemisia ketone+artemisia alcohol (most abundant), artemisia ketone, camphor and nonspecific chemotype. According to this classification, essential oil of sweet wormwood from this study belongs to artemisia ketone (content varied between 22.1 and 55.8 %). Bearing in mind that hydrosols are a by-product of industrial production of essential oils, and the fact that sweet wormwood hydrosol has high contents of camphor, 1,8-cineole and artemisia ketone, there is a great potential for the use of this aromatic plant primary processing waste product as a water replacement in cosmetic industry, beverages flavoring, for food preservation, as well as in post-harvest pre-storage treatments in organic agriculture.
青蒿挥发油的主要成分是青蒿酮（25.4%）和反式石竹烯（10.2%），其次是 1,8-桉叶素、樟脑、大根香叶烯 D 和 β-榄香烯。水醇提物中的主要挥发性化合物是樟脑（25.1%）、1,8-桉叶素（20.5%）和青蒿酮（10.7%），其次是反式 pinocarveol 和青蒿醇。测试的精油富含含氧单萜和倍半萜烃，而前者被确定为水醇提物中主要的挥发性化合物类别，因为它们的水溶性更高。根据文献中可用的精油组成（17 项研究和 61 个样本），对所有青蒿化学型进行分类，可以分为 4 种化学型：青蒿酮+青蒿醇（最丰富）、青蒿酮、樟脑和非特异性化学型。根据这一分类，本研究中来自青蒿的精油属于青蒿酮型（含量在 22.1%至 55.8%之间变化）。考虑到水醇提物是精油工业生产的副产品，而且青蒿水醇提物中含有高浓度的樟脑、1,8-桉叶素和青蒿酮，因此这种芳香植物初级加工废物作为化妆品工业用水替代品、饮料调味剂、食品保鲜剂，以及有机农业中收获后预储存处理都具有很大的应用潜力。
