School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Subst Use Misuse. 2022;57(5):719-729. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2034872. Epub 2022 Feb 16.
Cannabis can induce negative outcomes among consumers with mental health conditions. This study examined medical help-seeking behavior, patterns of adverse effects, and perceived impacts of cannabis among consumers with and without mental health conditions. Data came from the International Cannabis Policy Study, via online surveys conducted in 2018. Respondents included 6,413 past 12-month cannabis consumers aged 16-65, recruited from commercial panels in Canada and the US. Regression models examined differences in adverse health effects and perceived impact of cannabis among those with and without self-reported past 12-month experience of anxiety, depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, psychosis. Overall, 7% of past 12-month consumers reported seeking medical help for adverse effects of cannabis, including panic, dizziness, nausea. Help-seeking was greater for those with psychosis (13.8%: AOR = 1.78; 1.11-2.87), depression (8.9%: AOR = 1.57; 1.28-1.93), and bipolar disorder (10.1%: AOR = 1.53; 1.44-2.74). Additionally, 54.1% reported using cannabis to manage symptoms of mental health, with higher rates among those with bipolar (90.8%) and PTSD (90.7%). Consumers reporting >1 condition were more likely to perceive positive impacts on friendships, physical/mental health, family life, work, studies, quality of life (all < .001). Consumers with psychosis were most likely to perceive negative effects across categories. For conditions with substantial evidence suggesting cannabis is harmful, greater help-seeking behaviors and self-perceived negative effects were observed. Consumers with mental health conditions generally perceive cannabis to have a positive impact on their lives. The relationship between cannabis and mental health is disorder specific and may include a combination of perceived benefits and harms.
大麻会给有心理健康问题的消费者带来负面影响。本研究调查了有心理健康问题和没有心理健康问题的消费者寻求医疗帮助的行为、不良反应模式以及对大麻的感知影响。数据来自国际大麻政策研究，通过 2018 年在加拿大和美国的商业小组进行的在线调查。受访者包括 6413 名过去 12 个月有大麻消费史的 16-65 岁消费者，他们是从商业小组招募的。回归模型比较了报告有和没有过去 12 个月焦虑、抑郁、创伤后应激障碍、双相情感障碍、精神病经历的消费者之间的不良反应和大麻感知影响的差异。总体而言，7%的过去 12 个月消费者因大麻的不良反应寻求医疗帮助，包括恐慌、头晕、恶心。精神病患者寻求帮助的比例更高（13.8%：AOR=1.78；1.11-2.87），抑郁（8.9%：AOR=1.57；1.28-1.93）和双相情感障碍（10.1%：AOR=1.53；1.44-2.74）。此外，54.1%的人报告说使用大麻来控制心理健康症状，双相情感障碍和创伤后应激障碍患者的这一比例更高（分别为 90.8%和 90.7%）。报告>1 种疾病的消费者更有可能认为大麻对友谊、身心健康、家庭生活、工作、学习、生活质量有积极影响（均<0.001）。患有精神病的消费者最有可能在各个类别中感知到负面影响。对于有大量证据表明大麻有害的疾病，观察到更多的寻求医疗帮助行为和自我感知的负面影响。一般来说，有心理健康问题的消费者认为大麻对他们的生活有积极影响。大麻和心理健康之间的关系是特定于疾病的，可能包括感知到的益处和危害的组合。
