National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
RAND Europe, Cambridge, UK; School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023 Sep 1;250:110904. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110904. Epub 2023 Jul 22.
There is little research examining perceptions of cannabis use risk to mental health in countries with differing cannabis regulations. This study therefore examines such perceptions among youth between 2017 and 2021 in Canada (non-medical cannabis legalized in October 2018), England (highly-restricted medical cannabis legalized November 2018), and the US (non-medical cannabis legal in some states).
Seven repeat cross-sectional online surveys were conducted between July 2017 to August 2021 among youth aged 16-19 in Canada (N=29,420), England (N=28,155), and the US (N=32,974). Logistic regression models, stratified by country, were used to examine perceptions of cannabis use risk to mental health over time, adjusting for age group, sex, race/ethnicity, cannabis use and, for the US only, state-level cannabis legalization.
Perceptions that cannabis use posed "no risk" to mental health decreased between July 2017 and August 2021 in Canada (6.1-4.4%; AOR=0.64, 95% CI=0.52-0.78) and the US (14.0-11.3%; AOR=0.74, 0.65-0.84) but not England (3.7-4.5%; AOR=1.21, 0.97-1.52). No significant changes were observed from immediately before (August 2018) to after (August 2019) legalization of non-medical cannabis in Canada (AOR=0.99, 0.83-1.20) or highly-restricted medical cannabis in England (AOR=0.90, 0.70-1.17). In the US, perceptions of "no risk" were more likely in states where cannabis use was illegal (15.0%) compared with legal non-medical (12.2%) (AOR=0.68, 0.63-0.74).
There were modest decreases in perceptions that cannabis use poses no risk to mental health in Canada and the US between 2017 and 2021 but no clear association with cannabis legalization status.
在大麻法规不同的国家,几乎没有研究调查人们对大麻使用风险对心理健康的看法。因此,本研究在 2017 年至 2021 年间调查了加拿大(2018 年 10 月大麻非医用合法化)、英国(2018 年 11 月大麻医用高度受限合法化)和美国(部分州大麻非医用合法化)青少年群体对这种看法。
在 2017 年 7 月至 2021 年 8 月期间,在加拿大(29420 名年龄在 16-19 岁的青少年)、英国(28155 名年龄在 16-19 岁的青少年)和美国(32974 名年龄在 16-19 岁的青少年)的青少年中进行了七次重复的横断面在线调查。采用按国家分层的逻辑回归模型,调整年龄组、性别、种族/民族、大麻使用情况以及仅在美国调整州级大麻合法化情况,来检验随着时间推移,对大麻使用风险对心理健康的看法。
在加拿大(6.1-4.4%;OR=0.64,95%CI=0.52-0.78)和美国(14.0-11.3%;OR=0.74,0.65-0.84),但在英国(3.7-4.5%;OR=1.21,0.97-1.52),2017 年 7 月至 2021 年 8 月期间,认为大麻使用对心理健康“没有风险”的看法有所减少。在加拿大(OR=0.99,0.83-1.20)或英国(OR=0.90,0.70-1.17),非医用大麻合法化前后(2018 年 8 月),或医用大麻高度受限合法化前后(2018 年 11 月),均未观察到从 2018 年 8 月(非医用大麻合法化)到 2019 年 8 月(医用大麻合法化)之间,对大麻使用没有风险的看法有明显变化。在美国,大麻使用非法的州(15.0%)比非医用合法的州(12.2%)更有可能认为大麻使用没有风险(OR=0.68,0.63-0.74)。
在 2017 年至 2021 年间,加拿大和美国对大麻使用不会对心理健康造成危害的看法有所减少,但与大麻合法化状况没有明显关联。