Entomology Laboratory, Parasitology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2021 Jul-Sep;58(3):183-192. doi: 10.4103/0972-9062.321739.
Ticks are blood sucking ectoparasite that transmit several pathogens to humans and animals. Tick management focusing on use of chemicals has several drawbacks including development of multi-acaricide resistant tick populations. To minimize the use of chemicals on animals and on the environment, immunization of natural hosts is considered a viable component of Integrated Tick Management System. Most of the tick vaccine trials are focused on single antigen immunization directed against homologous challenge. From commercial point of view, vaccination against one given tick species is not a feasible option. In this context, multi-antigen vaccines comprising of candidate antigens of multiple tick species or both ticks and tick-borne pathogens have commercial potential. Different strategies are considered for the development of multi-antigen tick and/or tick-borne pathogen vaccines. Further, the efficacy of vaccine can be improved by adopting the 'omics' tools and techniques in selection of novel antigens and efficient delivery like Lipid Nano Particle (LNP)-mRNA vaccines, viral vector vaccine, live vector vaccine etc. into the host. The subject has been reviewed to address the current status of multi antigen tick vaccines and formulations of the future strategies for the control of TTBDs of human and animals.
蜱是吸血的外寄生虫，会将几种病原体传播给人类和动物。专注于使用化学物质的蜱管理有几个缺点，包括多杀螨剂耐药蜱种群的发展。为了最大限度地减少动物和环境中化学物质的使用，对自然宿主进行免疫被认为是综合蜱管理系统的一个可行组成部分。大多数蜱疫苗试验都集中在针对同源挑战的单一抗原免疫上。从商业角度来看，针对一种给定蜱种的疫苗接种不是一个可行的选择。在这种情况下，包含多种蜱种或蜱和蜱传病原体候选抗原的多抗原疫苗具有商业潜力。已经考虑了不同的策略来开发多抗原蜱和/或蜱传病原体疫苗。此外，通过采用“组学”工具和技术来选择新型抗原，并通过脂质纳米颗粒 (LNP)-mRNA 疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、活载体疫苗等将其有效递送至宿主，可提高疫苗的功效。对该主题进行了综述，以说明多抗原蜱疫苗的现状和未来控制人类和动物 TTBD 的策略的制定。
