de la Fuente José, Ghosh Srikant
SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Parasitology. 2024 Aug;151(9):1045-1052. doi: 10.1017/S003118202400043X. Epub 2024 Apr 8.
Ticks represent a major concern for society worldwide. Ticks are also difficult to control, and vaccines represent the most efficacious, safe, economically feasible and environmentally sustainable intervention. The evolution of tick vaccinology has been driven by multiple challenges such as (1) Ticks are difficult to control, (2) Vaccines control tick infestations by reducing ectoparasite fitness and reproduction, (3) Vaccine efficacy against multiple tick species, (4) Impact of tick strain genetic diversity on vaccine efficacy, (5) Antigen combination to improve vaccine efficacy, (6) Vaccine formulations and delivery platforms and (7) Combination of vaccines with transgenesis and paratransgenesis. Tick vaccine antigens evolved from organ protein extracts to recombinant proteins to chimera designed by vaccinomics and quantum vaccinomics. Future directions will advance in these areas together with other novel technologies such as multiomics, AI and Big Data, mRNA vaccines, microbiota-driven probiotics and vaccines, and combination of vaccines with other interventions in collaboration with regions with high incidence of tick infestations and tick-borne diseases for a personalized medicine approach.
蜱虫是全球社会主要关注的问题。蜱虫也难以控制,而疫苗是最有效、安全、经济可行且环境可持续的干预措施。蜱虫疫苗学的发展受到多种挑战的推动,例如:(1)蜱虫难以控制;(2)疫苗通过降低体表寄生虫的适应性和繁殖来控制蜱虫侵扰;(3)疫苗对多种蜱虫物种的效力;(4)蜱虫菌株遗传多样性对疫苗效力的影响;(5)抗原组合以提高疫苗效力;(6)疫苗配方和递送平台;(7)疫苗与转基因和共生转基因的结合。蜱虫疫苗抗原已从器官蛋白提取物发展到重组蛋白,再到通过疫苗组学和量子疫苗组学设计的嵌合体。未来的发展方向将在这些领域取得进展,同时结合其他新技术,如多组学、人工智能和大数据、mRNA疫苗、微生物群驱动的益生菌和疫苗,以及在蜱虫侵扰和蜱传疾病高发地区开展合作,将疫苗与其他干预措施相结合,以实现个性化医疗方法。