State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences, Hangzhou 311305, P. R. China.
Langmuir. 2022 Mar 1;38(8):2415-2422. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03159. Epub 2022 Feb 16.
Solid-state nanochannel-based sensing systems with various structures and morphologies have realized precise measurements for various key biomarkers due to their tunable physical structures and morphologies, controllable chemical properties, and a nanoconfined space-induced target enriching effect. In the past several decades, series of solid-state nanochannel-based sensing systems mainly focused on modifying functional elements on nanochannels have allowed for a highly sensitive and specific detection of various key biomarkers between 0.1 and 100 nm, including small molecules, nucleic acids, and proteins. However, traditional solid-state nanochannel-based sensing systems have mainly focused on the functional element modified on their inner-walls (FE), ignoring the ion-gating effect of functional elements modified on the outer surface (FE). Therefore, the direct detection of targets with sizes larger than the diameters of nanochannels, i.e., cells, was hard to realize. Recently, research has turned its attention to nanochannels with FE, which extends the range of measurable biomarkers to cells (50 μm) and promotes precise measurements. In this Perspective, we mainly focus on exhibiting the great breakthroughs of solid-state nanochannels with distinct partitions of the inner wall (IW) and outer surface (OS). Meanwhile, the cutting-edge concept of nanochannels with quantum confined superfluid (QSF) is also discussed. A possible explanation for the ultrafast flow of liquids and gases through nanopores based on wave-particle duality was also provided. The quantum effect on ultrafast flow would provide new perspectives for nanochannel-based sensing systems for various key biomarkers, which may also promote the development of seawater desalination, energy conversion, and information systems.
基于固态纳米通道的传感系统具有各种结构和形态，通过可调谐的物理结构和形态、可控的化学性质以及纳米受限空间诱导的目标富集效应，实现了对各种关键生物标志物的精确测量。在过去的几十年中，一系列基于固态纳米通道的传感系统主要集中在修饰纳米通道内表面的功能元件上，允许在 0.1 到 100nm 之间对各种关键生物标志物进行高灵敏度和特异性检测，包括小分子、核酸和蛋白质。然而，传统的基于固态纳米通道的传感系统主要集中在修饰内表面（FE）的功能元件上，而忽略了修饰外表面（FE）的功能元件的离子门控效应。因此，很难实现对尺寸大于纳米通道直径的目标物的直接检测，例如细胞。最近，研究已经将注意力转向具有 FE 的纳米通道，这将可测量的生物标志物的范围扩展到细胞（50μm），并促进了精确测量。在本观点中，我们主要关注具有明显内部分区（IW）和外部分区（OS）的固态纳米通道的重大突破。同时，还讨论了具有量子限制超流（QSF）的纳米通道的前沿概念。还提供了一种基于波粒二象性的液体和气体在纳米孔中超快流动的可能解释。量子效应对超快流动的影响为各种关键生物标志物的基于纳米通道的传感系统提供了新的视角，这也可能促进海水淡化、能量转换和信息系统的发展。
