Department of Communication Disorders, Ariel University, Israel.
Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University (IDC) Herzliya, Israel.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2022 Mar 8;65(3):991-1000. doi: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-21-00205. Epub 2022 Feb 16.
The Test for Rating Emotions in Speech (T-RES) has been developed in order to assess the processing of emotions in spoken language. In this tool, spoken sentences, which are composed of emotional content (anger, happiness, sadness, and neutral) in both semantics and prosody in different combinations, are rated by listeners. To date, English, German, and Hebrew versions have been developed, as well as online versions, iT-RES, to adapt to COVID-19 social restrictions. Since the perception of spoken emotions may be affected by linguistic (and cultural) variables, it is important to compare the acoustic characteristics of the stimuli within and between languages. The goal of the current report was to provide cross-linguistic acoustic validation of the T-RES.
T-RES sentences in the aforementioned languages were acoustically analyzed in terms of mean F0, F0 range, and speech rate to obtain profiles of acoustic parameters for different emotions.
Significant within-language discriminability of prosodic emotions was found, for both mean F0 and speech rate. Similarly, these measures were associated with comparable patterns of prosodic emotions for each of the tested languages and emotional ratings.
The results demonstrate the lack of dependence of prosody and semantics within the T-RES stimuli. These findings illustrate the listeners' ability to clearly distinguish between the different prosodic emotions in each language, providing a cross-linguistic validation of the T-RES and iT-RES.
为了评估口语中情绪的处理，开发了言语情绪评估测试（T-RES）。在这个工具中，听众对包含不同语义和韵律情感内容（愤怒、快乐、悲伤和中性）的口语句子进行评分。迄今为止，已经开发了英语、德语和希伯来语版本，以及在线版本 iT-RES，以适应 COVID-19 社交限制。由于口语情绪的感知可能受到语言（和文化）变量的影响，因此比较语言内和语言间刺激的声学特征非常重要。本报告的目的是提供 T-RES 的跨语言声学验证。
对上述语言中的 T-RES 句子进行声学分析，包括平均基频、基频范围和语速，以获得不同情绪的声学参数谱。
发现了韵律情绪在语言内的显著可区分性，平均基频和语速都存在这种情况。同样，这些措施与每个测试语言和情绪评分的韵律情绪模式相关。
结果表明 T-RES 刺激中韵律和语义之间没有依赖性。这些发现说明了听众能够清楚地区分每种语言中的不同韵律情绪，为 T-RES 和 iT-RES 提供了跨语言验证。
