ISYEB-Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
PeerJ. 2022 Feb 1;10:e12725. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12725. eCollection 2022.
New records of alien land planarians are regularly reported worldwide, and some correspond to undescribed species of unknown geographic origin. The description of new species of land planarians (Geoplanidae) should classically be based on both external morphology and histology of anatomical structures, especially the copulatory organs, ideally with the addition of molecular data.
Here, we describe the morphology and reproductive anatomy of a species previously reported as "black", and the morphology of a species previously reported as "blue". Based on next generation sequencing, we obtained the complete mitogenome of five species of Bipaliinae, including these two species.
The new species n. sp. (syn: "black" of Justine et al., 2018) is formally described on the basis of morphology, histology and mitogenome, and is assigned to on the basis of its reproductive anatomy. The type-locality is Casier, Italy, and other localities are in the Department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France; some published or unpublished records suggest that this species might also be present in Russia, China, and Japan. The mitogenomic polymorphism of two geographically distinct specimens (Italy France) is described; the gene displayed 2.25% difference. The new species n. sp. (syn: "blue" of Justine et al., 2018) is formally described on the basis of external morphology and complete mitogenome and is assigned to on the basis of an absence of information on its reproductive anatomy. The type- and only known locality is the island of Mayotte in the Mozambique Channel off Africa. Phylogenies of bipaliine geoplanids were constructed on the basis of SSU, LSU, mitochondrial proteins and concatenated sequences of , SSU and LSU. In all four phylogenies, was the sister-group to all the other bipaliines. With the exception of which could not be circularised, the complete mitogenomes of , , , and were colinear. The 16S gene in all bipaliine species was problematic because usual tools were unable to locate its exact position.
Next generation sequencing, which can provide complete mitochondrial genomes as well as traditionally used genes such as SSU, LSU and , is a powerful tool for delineating and describing species of Bipaliinae when the reproductive structure cannot be studied, which is sometimes the case of asexually reproducing invasive species. The unexpected position of the new species as sister-group to all other Bipaliinae in all phylogenetic analyses suggests that the species could belong to a new genus, yet to be described.
新的外来陆地扁形动物记录不断在全球范围内被报道，其中一些属于未知地理起源的未描述物种。陆地扁形动物（Geoplanidae）新物种的描述通常应基于外部形态和解剖结构的组织学，特别是交配器官，理想情况下还应结合分子数据。
在这里，我们描述了以前被报道为“黑色”的一种物种的形态和生殖解剖结构，以及以前被报道为“蓝色”的一种物种的形态。基于下一代测序，我们获得了包括这两个物种在内的五个 Bipaliinae 物种的完整线粒体基因组。
新物种 n. sp.（同义词：Justine 等人，2018 年的“黑色”）基于形态、组织学和线粒体基因组正式描述，并基于其生殖解剖结构被归入 。模式产地为意大利的卡西尔，其他产地为法国的比利牛斯-大西洋省；一些已发表或未发表的记录表明，该物种可能也存在于俄罗斯、中国和日本。描述了两个地理上不同标本（意大利-法国）的线粒体基因组多态性；基因显示出 2.25%的差异。新物种 n. sp.（同义词：Justine 等人，2018 年的“蓝色”）基于外部形态和完整线粒体基因组正式描述，并基于其生殖解剖结构的信息缺失被归入 。模式产地和唯一已知产地是非洲莫桑比克海峡的马约特岛。基于 SSU、LSU、线粒体蛋白和 、SSU 和 LSU 串联序列构建了 bipaliine 地扁形动物的系统发育。在所有四种系统发育中，均为所有其他 bipaliines 的姐妹群。除了不能环化的 外，、、、和 的完整线粒体基因组都是共线性的。所有 bipaliine 物种的 16S 基因都是有问题的，因为通常的工具无法确定其确切位置。
下一代测序可以提供完整的线粒体基因组以及常用的基因，如 SSU、LSU 和 ，当无法研究生殖结构时，这是一种用于描绘和描述 Bipaliinae 物种的强大工具，这种情况有时发生在无性繁殖的入侵物种中。新物种 n. sp. 在所有系统发育分析中作为所有其他 Bipaliinae 的姐妹群的意外位置表明，该物种可能属于一个尚未描述的新属。
