Jiang Jie-Mei, Guo Qiao-Sheng, Jin Jiang-Qun, Tian Ting, Liu Yang, Wang Qiu-Ling, Wei Jian-He
National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China.
Institute & Department of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095,China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2022 Feb;47(3):846-852. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20211106.103.
The improvement of the harvest period standards is critical in the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials. The present study statistically analyzed the harvest period standards of plant medicinal materials in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol.Ⅰ) and put forward the existing problems and suggestions based on herbal records and modern research to provide references for the improvement of the standards. According to the statistical analysis, in 499 types of plant medicinal materials, harvest period standards are recorded under 486 types, accounting for 97.4%, and are lacking in the remaining. Only one medicinal material(Stellariae Radix) is recorded with the standard of the harvest year. The standards of the harvest season and phenological period are recorded under 233 types, accounting for 46.7%. For 237 types, only harvest season is specified, accounting for 47.5%, and for 15 types, only harvest phenological period is specified, accounting for 3.0%. Among 222 types mainly derived from cultivation and 51 types from wild resources and cultivation, only 11 types are recorded with harvest period of cultivated products. Only Stellariae Radix is recorded with the harvest period standards for the wild and cultivated products separately. The harvest period standards of plant medicinal materials with different medicinal parts have certain rules to follow. The main problems about the harvest period standards are discovered. Specifically, no harvest period standards are recorded under 13 types of plant medicinal materials. Almost all perennial cultivated medicinal materials are not recorded with harvest year standard. No phenological period standard is found under 250 types of plant medicinal materials. There is no clear distinction between the harvest period standards of cultivated and wild products. The evidence for harvest period standards of 26 types of plant medicinal materials that can be harvested all year round is insufficient. As a result, it is proposed to strengthen basic research in response to the above-mentioned problems and improve the harvest period standards as soon as possible to ensure the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.
采收期标准的完善对中药材质量控制至关重要。本研究对《中国药典》2020年版一部中植物类药材的采收期标准进行统计分析，并结合本草记载及现代研究提出存在的问题与建议，为标准完善提供参考。统计分析显示，499种植物类药材中，有486种记载了采收期标准，占97.4%，其余未记载。仅1种药材（银柴胡）记载了采收年份标准。采收季节和物候期标准记载的有233种，占46.7%；仅规定采收季节的有237种，占47.5%；仅规定采收物候期的有15种，占3.0%。在222种主要来源于栽培及51种来源于野生资源与栽培的药材中，仅11种记载了栽培品采收期。仅银柴胡分别记载了野生品和栽培品的采收期标准。不同药用部位植物类药材的采收期标准有一定规律可循。发现了采收期标准存在的主要问题。具体而言，13种植物类药材未记载采收期标准。几乎所有多年生栽培药材均未记载采收年份标准。250种植物类药材未发现物候期标准。栽培品与野生品采收期标准无明确区分。26种可全年采收的植物类药材采收期标准依据不足。针对上述问题，建议加强基础研究，尽快完善采收期标准，以确保中药材质量。
