National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
Vitam Horm. 2022;118:35-81. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.11.001. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
The hippocampus is considered the center for learning and memory in the brain, and its development and function is greatly affected by the thyroid and stress axes. Thyroid hormone (TH) and glucocorticoids (GC) are known to have a synergistic effect on developmental programs across several vertebrate species, and their effects on hippocampal structure and function are well-documented. However, there are few studies that focus on the processes and genes that are cooperatively regulated by the two hormone axes. Cross-regulation of the thyroid and stress axes in the hippocampus occurs on multiple levels such that TH can regulate the expression of the GC receptor (GR) while GC can modulate tissue sensitivity to TH by controlling the expression of TH receptor (TR) and enzymes involved in TH biosynthesis. Thyroid hormone and GC are also known to synergistically regulate the transcription of genes associated with neuronal function and development. Synergistic gene regulation by TH and GC may occur through the direct, cooperative action of TR and GR on common target genes, or by indirect mechanisms involving gene regulatory cascades activated by TR and GR. In this chapter, we describe the known physiological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of TH and GC synergistic gene regulation in the hippocampus.
海马体被认为是大脑中学习和记忆的中心，其发育和功能受到甲状腺和应激轴的极大影响。甲状腺激素 (TH) 和糖皮质激素 (GC) 已知在几个脊椎动物物种的发育程序中具有协同作用，它们对海马体结构和功能的影响已有充分的记录。然而，很少有研究关注这两个激素轴共同调节的过程和基因。甲状腺和应激轴在海马体中的交叉调节发生在多个层面上，例如 TH 可以调节 GC 受体 (GR) 的表达，而 GC 可以通过控制 TH 受体 (TR) 的表达和参与 TH 生物合成的酶来调节组织对 TH 的敏感性。甲状腺激素和 GC 也已知协同调节与神经元功能和发育相关的基因的转录。TH 和 GC 的协同基因调节可能通过 TR 和 GR 对共同靶基因的直接、协同作用发生，也可能通过涉及 TR 和 GR 激活的基因调控级联的间接机制发生。在本章中，我们描述了已知的 TH 和 GC 协同调节海马体基因表达的生理作用和潜在分子机制。
