Liu Qian, Wu Haowen, Huang Cong, Lin Hui, Li Wei, Zhao XiuFang, Li Zhiling, Lv Sihao
Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
Environ Res. 2022 Jul;210:112918. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112918. Epub 2022 Feb 16.
Black-odour water with organic compounds and heavy metals caused by domestic and industrial activities has aroused people's attention in recent years, yet little is known about the ecological effects on aquatic organisms, especially microorganisms in sediments. To explore the response of microbial communities to environmental factors, the community and metabolites of nine river sediments with different pollution in Dongguan city, China were investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography tandem-mass. The results revealed that the composition and structure of sedimentary microbial communities significantly changed in rivers with varying pollution levels. Cyanobacteria were the most abundant organisms in the sediment of black-odorous rivers, while the relative abundance of Thaumarchaeota was gradually increased with the river quality gets better. The relative abundance of organic acids (including amino acids), alcohols, esters, and ketones associated with microbial metabolism in sediments of polluted rivers was increased. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based molecular ecological network analysis indicated that the interactions amongst bacteria were enhanced in severely contaminated communities. Sphingomonadaceae and Cyanobacteria have important roles in bacterial community structures of polluted rivers and those with ongoing treatment. The correlation analysis showed significant metal resistance and/or tolerance of the following bacteria species Thalassiosira weissflogii, Aminicenantes bacterium clone OPB95, 'Candidatus Halomonas phosphatis', and archaeal species Methanolinea and unidentified Thermoplasmata. These results indicated that sedimentary microbial communities may shift in composition and structure, as well as their interaction network, to adapt and resist environmental contamination and promote restoration.
近年来，由家庭和工业活动产生的含有有机化合物和重金属的黑臭水体引起了人们的关注，然而，对于其对水生生物尤其是沉积物中微生物的生态影响却知之甚少。为了探究微生物群落对环境因素的响应，利用16S rRNA基因测序和液相色谱串联质谱法，对中国东莞市九条污染程度不同的河流沉积物中的群落和代谢产物进行了研究。结果表明，在污染程度不同的河流中，沉积微生物群落的组成和结构发生了显著变化。蓝藻是黑臭河流沉积物中最丰富的生物，而泉古菌门的相对丰度随着河流水质的改善而逐渐增加。污染河流沉积物中与微生物代谢相关的有机酸（包括氨基酸）、醇类、酯类和酮类的相对丰度增加。基于16S rRNA基因测序的分子生态网络分析表明，在严重污染的群落中细菌之间的相互作用增强。鞘脂单胞菌科和蓝藻在污染河流及正在治理的河流的细菌群落结构中具有重要作用。相关性分析表明，以下细菌物种：威氏海链藻、氨基聚糖菌克隆OPB95、“嗜磷盐假单胞菌”以及古菌物种甲醇线菌和未鉴定的嗜热栖热菌，具有显著的金属抗性和/或耐受性。这些结果表明，沉积微生物群落的组成、结构及其相互作用网络可能会发生变化，以适应和抵抗环境污染并促进恢复。
