Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2022 May;130(5):290-295. doi: 10.1055/a-1749-4852. Epub 2022 Feb 18.
Excessive food intake and reduced physical activity have long been established as primary causes of obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms causing this unhealthy behavior characterized by heightened motivation for food but not for physical effort are unclear. Despite the common unjustified stigmatization that obesity is a result of laziness and lack of discipline, it is becoming increasingly clear that high-fat diet feeding and obesity cause alterations in brain circuits that are critical for the control of motivational behavior.In this mini-review, we provide a comprehensive overview of incentive motivation, its neural encoding in the dopaminergic mesolimbic system as well as its metabolic modulation with a focus on derangements of incentive motivation in obesity. We further discuss the emerging field of metabolic interventions to counteract motivational deficits and their potential clinical implications.
过量的食物摄入和减少的体力活动一直被认为是肥胖的主要原因。然而，导致这种以对食物的强烈动机为特征而不是对体力活动的动机的不健康行为的潜在机制尚不清楚。尽管人们普遍毫无根据地将肥胖归咎于懒惰和缺乏纪律，但越来越清楚的是，高脂肪饮食喂养和肥胖会导致对控制动机行为至关重要的大脑回路发生改变。在这篇小型综述中，我们全面概述了激励动机及其在多巴胺能中脑边缘系统中的神经编码，以及其代谢调节，重点讨论了肥胖症中激励动机的失调。我们进一步讨论了代谢干预措施来对抗动机缺陷及其潜在的临床意义这一新兴领域。
