Kruger J M, Osborne C A
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1986 Jan;16(1):87-126. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(86)50006-1.
The etiopathogenesis of uric acid, sodium acid urate, and ammonium acid urate uroliths in non-Dalmatian dogs appears to be a complex phenomenon. It may involve one or more pathologic and/or physiologic processes acting independently or in concert to increase urinary concentration of lithogenic substances that result in initiation, growth, and retention of urate uroliths. Increased urine uric acid concentration and/or urinary excretion of uric acid appear to be primary predisposing factors in urate lithogenesis. Specific disorders resulting in hyperuricuria may involve abnormalities of increased synthesis, diminished biodegradation, and/or enhance excretion of uric acid. In addition, ammonium ion, hydrogen ion, and other organic and inorganic urine constituents appear to have major influences on urate urolith formation. Unfortunately, many specific disorders of uric acid metabolism and other factors promoting or inhibiting urate urolith formation remain poorly characterized in the majority of non-Dalmatian dogs with urate urolithiasis. Growing awareness of the significance of urate uroliths in non-Dalmatian dogs should encourage further investigation into the identification, characterization, and quantitation of parameters influencing urate lithogenesis. Results of such studies are required for development of practical and effective strategies for treatment and prevention of canine urate urolithiasis.
非大麦町犬尿酸、尿酸钠和尿酸铵尿路结石的发病机制似乎是一个复杂的现象。它可能涉及一个或多个独立或协同作用的病理和/或生理过程，以增加致石物质的尿液浓度，从而导致尿酸盐尿路结石的形成、生长和滞留。尿尿酸浓度升高和/或尿酸的尿排泄增加似乎是尿酸盐结石形成的主要诱发因素。导致高尿酸尿症的特定疾病可能涉及尿酸合成增加、生物降解减少和/或尿酸排泄增加的异常情况。此外，铵离子、氢离子以及其他有机和无机尿液成分似乎对尿酸盐尿路结石的形成有重大影响。不幸的是在大多数患有尿酸盐尿路结石的非大麦町犬中，许多尿酸代谢的特定疾病以及其他促进或抑制尿酸盐尿路结石形成的因素仍未得到充分描述。对非大麦町犬尿酸盐尿路结石重要性的认识不断提高，应鼓励进一步研究影响尿酸盐结石形成的参数的识别、表征和定量。此类研究的结果对于制定治疗和预防犬尿酸盐尿路结石的实用有效策略是必要的。
