Bartges J W, Osborne C A, Lulich J P, Kirk C, Allen T A, Brown C
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1999 Jan;29(1):45-57, x. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(99)50004-1.
Formation of uroliths is not a disease but rather a complication of several disorders. Some disorders can be identified and corrected (e.g., infection-induced struvite urolith formation), and some can be identified but not corrected (e.g., hyperuricosuria occurring in Dalmatians that form ammonium urate uroliths), although for others, the underlying etiopathogenesis is not known (e.g., calcium oxalate urolith formation in Miniature Schnauzers). A common denominator of these disorders is that from time to time, they can create oversaturation of urine with one or more crystal precursors, resulting in formation of crystals. To develop rational and effective approaches to treatment, abnormalities that promote urolith formation must be identified with the goal of eliminating or modifying them. It is therefore important to understand several basic concepts associated with urolithiasis.
尿路结石的形成并非一种疾病，而是多种病症的并发症。有些病症可以被识别并纠正（例如，感染诱发的鸟粪石尿路结石形成），有些可以被识别但无法纠正（例如，患尿酸铵尿路结石的大麦町犬出现的高尿酸尿症），尽管对于其他一些病症，其潜在的病因发病机制尚不清楚（例如，迷你雪纳瑞犬的草酸钙尿路结石形成）。这些病症的一个共同特征是，它们不时会导致尿液中一种或多种晶体前体过饱和，从而导致晶体形成。为了制定合理有效的治疗方法，必须识别促进尿路结石形成的异常情况，目标是消除或改变这些异常情况。因此，了解与尿路结石病相关的几个基本概念很重要。
