Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile.
Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2022 Jun;67:102137. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.01.008. Epub 2022 Feb 16.
Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming obligate anaerobe and a major threat to the healthcare system world-wide. Because of its strict anaerobic requirements, the infectious and transmissible morphotype is the dormant spore. During infection, C. difficile produces spores that can persist in the host and are responsible for disease recurrence and transmission, especially between hospitalized patients. Although the C. difficile spore surface mediates critical interactions with host surfaces, this outermost layer, known as the exosporium, is poorly conserved when compared to members of the Bacillus genus. Notably, the exosporium has been shown to be important for the persistence of C. difficile in the host. In this review, the ultrastructural properties, composition, and morphogenesis of the exosporium will be discussed.
艰难梭菌是一种革兰氏阳性、产芽孢的专性厌氧菌，是全球医疗保健系统的主要威胁。由于其严格的厌氧要求，传染性和可传播形态是休眠的芽孢。在感染过程中，艰难梭菌产生的芽孢可以在宿主体内存活，并导致疾病复发和传播，尤其是在住院患者之间。尽管艰难梭菌芽孢表面介导了与宿主表面的关键相互作用，但与芽孢杆菌属成员相比，这个最外层的外孢子层保守性较差。值得注意的是，外孢子层对于艰难梭菌在宿主体内的持续存在非常重要。在这篇综述中，将讨论外孢子层的超微结构特性、组成和形态发生。
