Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Toxicon. 2022 Apr 30;210:89-99. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.02.006. Epub 2022 Feb 17.
The incidents of Aurelia sp. stinging have recently increased because of a bloom in offshore area. However, their symptoms are much milder than those from another scyphozoan jellyfish, Stomolophus meleagris.
The molecular composition of the medusa and polyp of Aurelia coerulea was analyzed by sequencing the transcriptome and proteome. The toxicity of tentacle extract from A. coerulea medusa (A-TE) and S. meleagris medusa (S-TE) was measured by the survival rates of mice, their blood indexes, and integrity of red blood cells.
The medusa and polyp of A. coerulea are similar in molecular composition, while their gene expressions are significantly different at both transcriptome and proteome levels. A-TE displayed no in vitro hemolysis and caused mild damage to the liver, heart and kidney instead of lethality. In contrast, S-TE showed strong hemolytic toxicity, and lethal effect with serious damage to the liver, heart and kidney. The toxin screening in the medusae showed that there were similar toxin categories though the number of toxin species in A. coerulea was larger than that in S. meleagris. Among them, lactotransferrin and venom prothrombin activator were the two predominant protein toxins in the medusae of A. coerulea and S. meleagris, respectively.
A. coerulea medusa and polyp have similar molecular compositions, though there are observable morphological differences. The toxicity of A. coerulea medusa is significantly weaker than that of S. meleagris medusa of which the variation in toxin expressions is feasibly an important reason.
由于近海区域的水华现象，仙女水母的蜇人事件最近有所增加。然而，它们的症状比另一种钵水母纲水母狮鬃水母要轻得多。
通过对水螅体和海葵转录组和蛋白质组进行测序，分析了海月水母的分子组成。通过测定小鼠存活率、血液指标和红细胞完整性来测量海月水母触手提取物（A-TE）和狮鬃水母触手提取物（S-TE）的毒性。
海月水母的水螅体和海葵在分子组成上相似，但其在转录组和蛋白质组水平上的基因表达存在显著差异。A-TE 在体外无溶血作用，仅对肝、心、肾造成轻微损伤，而无致死作用。相比之下，S-TE 表现出强烈的溶血毒性和致死作用，对肝、心、肾造成严重损伤。对水母体的毒素筛选表明，尽管海月水母的毒素种类比狮鬃水母多，但存在相似的毒素类别。其中，乳转铁蛋白和毒液凝血酶原激活物分别是海月水母和狮鬃水母水母体中的两种主要蛋白毒素。
海月水母的水螅体和海葵具有相似的分子组成，尽管存在可观察到的形态差异。海月水母的毒性明显弱于狮鬃水母，而毒素表达的差异可能是一个重要原因。
