Pfister Eva-Doreen, Dröge Carola, Liebe Roman, Stalke Amelie, Buhl Nicole, Ballauff Antje, Cantz Tobias, Bueltmann Eva, Stindt Jan, Luedde Tom, Baumann Ulrich, Keitel Verena
Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Liver, Kidney and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Liver Int. 2022 May;42(5):1084-1096. doi: 10.1111/liv.15200. Epub 2022 Mar 15.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a collective term for a heterogenous group of rare, inherited cholestasis syndromes. The number of genes underlying the clinical PFIC phenotype is still increasing. While progressive liver disease and its sequelae such as portal hypertension, pruritus and hepatocellular carcinoma determine transplant-free survival, extrahepatic manifestations may cause relevant morbidity. METHODS: We performed a literature search for extrahepatic manifestations of PFIC associated with pathogenic gene variants in ATP8B1, ABCB11, ABCB4, TJP2, NR1H4 and MYO5B. To illustrate the extrahepatic symptoms described in the literature, PFIC cases from our centres were revisited. RESULTS: Extrahepatic symptoms are common in PFIC subtypes, where the affected gene is expressed at high levels in other tissues. While most liver-associated complications resolve after successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), some extrahepatic symptoms show no response or even worsen after OLT. CONCLUSION: The spectrum of extrahepatic manifestations in PFIC highlights essential, non-redundant roles of the affected genes in other organs. Extrahepatic features contribute towards low health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and morbidity in PFIC. While OLT is often the only remaining, curative treatment, potential extrahepatic manifestations need to be carefully monitored and addressed.
背景与目的:进行性家族性肝内胆汁淤积症(PFIC)是一组异质性罕见遗传性胆汁淤积综合征的统称。导致临床PFIC表型的基因数量仍在增加。虽然进行性肝病及其后遗症如门静脉高压、瘙痒和肝细胞癌决定了无移植生存期,但肝外表现可能会导致相关的发病率。 方法:我们对与ATP8B1、ABCB11、ABCB4、TJP2、NR1H4和MYO5B致病基因变异相关的PFIC肝外表现进行了文献检索。为了说明文献中描述的肝外症状,我们重新审视了来自我们中心的PFIC病例。 结果:肝外症状在PFIC亚型中很常见,其中受影响的基因在其他组织中高水平表达。虽然大多数与肝脏相关的并发症在成功进行原位肝移植(OLT)后得到解决,但一些肝外症状在OLT后没有反应甚至恶化。 结论:PFIC肝外表现的范围突出了受影响基因在其他器官中的重要、非冗余作用。肝外特征导致PFIC患者健康相关生活质量(HRQOL)低下和发病率增加。虽然OLT通常是唯一剩下的治愈性治疗方法,但潜在的肝外表现需要仔细监测和处理。
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