Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022 Apr 11;377(1848):20210002. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0002. Epub 2022 Feb 21.
Understanding where, when and how species' ranges will be modified is both a fundamental problem and essential to predicting how spatio-temporal environmental changes in abiotic and biotic factors impact biodiversity. Notably, different species may respond disparately to similar environmental changes: some species may overcome an environmental change only with difficulty or not at all, while other species may readily overcome the same change. Ranges may contract, expand or move. The drivers and consequences of this variability in species' responses remain puzzling. Importantly, changes in a species' range creates feedbacks to the environmental conditions, populations and communities in its previous and current range, rendering population genetic, population dynamic and community processes inextricably linked. Understanding these links is critical in guiding biodiversity management and conservation efforts. This theme issue presents current thinking about the factors and mechanisms that limit and/or modify species' ranges. It also outlines different approaches to detect changes in species' distributions, and illustrates cases of range modifications in several taxa. Overall, this theme issue highlights the urgency of understanding species' ranges but shows that we are only just beginning to disentangle the processes involved. One way forward is to unite ecology with evolutionary biology and empirical with modelling approaches. This article is part of the theme issue 'Species' ranges in the face of changing environments (Part II)'.
了解物种的分布范围将在何时、何地以及如何发生改变，这不仅是一个基本问题，也是预测生物多样性如何受到环境变化中生物和非生物因素的时空变化影响的关键。值得注意的是，不同的物种可能对类似的环境变化有不同的反应：有些物种可能很难或根本无法克服环境变化，而其他物种可能很容易克服同样的变化。物种的分布范围可能会收缩、扩张或移动。这种物种反应的可变性的驱动因素和后果仍然令人费解。重要的是，物种分布范围的变化会对其先前和当前分布范围内的环境条件、种群和群落产生反馈，从而使种群遗传、种群动态和群落过程紧密相连。了解这些联系对于指导生物多样性管理和保护工作至关重要。本期特刊介绍了限制和/或改变物种分布范围的因素和机制的最新研究进展。它还概述了检测物种分布变化的不同方法，并举例说明了几个分类群的分布范围变化情况。总的来说，本期特刊强调了理解物种分布范围的紧迫性，但也表明我们才刚刚开始理清所涉及的过程。一种方法是将生态学与进化生物学以及经验方法与模型方法结合起来。本文是特刊“面对变化的环境的物种分布范围（第二部分）”的一部分。
