J Hist Ideas. 2022;83(1):63-85. doi: 10.1353/jhi.2022.0003.
"Bolshevism as a Moral Problem" and "Tactics and Ethics" were discussions of political ethics closely related to Max Weber's contemporaneous "Politics as a Vocation." They diverged from one another in their historical assessments of possibilities for ethically responsible revolutionary action. They are best understood as developments of an approach to political judgment originally forged by Johann Gottlieb Fichte, whose concerns were associated by Weber with Realpolitik and which continue to animate discussions of "political realism." Overwriting these concerns as transitional moments in personal conversion narratives or the history of political thought has an inhibiting effect on historical and political judgment.
《作为道德问题的布尔什维主义》和《策略与伦理》是与马克斯·韦伯同时期的《政治作为一种职业》密切相关的政治伦理讨论。它们在对有道德责任的革命行动的可能性的历史评估上存在分歧。这些讨论最好被理解为对政治判断的一种方法的发展，这种方法最初是由约翰·戈特利布·费希特锻造的，韦伯将他的关注点与现实政治联系在一起，而这种关注点一直激发着对“政治现实主义”的讨论。将这些关注点视为个人转变叙述或政治思想史中的过渡时刻，会对历史和政治判断产生抑制作用。
