Li Xiao-Qing, Hua Zu-Lin, Zhang Jian-Yun, Gu Li
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Jiangsu 210098, PR China.
Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Jiangsu 210098, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jun 15;825:153919. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153919. Epub 2022 Feb 18.
The ubiquitous existence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in aquatic environments might pose toxic potential to ecosystems. To assess the ecotoxicological responses and removal of submerged macrophyte to multiple PFAA pollutants in aquatic environments, a typical submerged macrophyte, Hydrilla verticillate, was exposed to solutions with 12 typical PFAAs in the present study. The results showed that PFAAs at concentrations higher than 10 μg/L had significantly passive effects on biomass, relative growth rates, chlorophyll contents, and chlorophyll autofluorescence. PFAAs could induce the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation in H. verticillate. Significant upregulation of CAT was observed in treatments with more than 10 μg/L PFAAs (p < 0.05). The results also showed that 13.53-20.01% and 19.73-37.72% of PFAAs could be removed in treatments without plants and with H. verticillate, respectively. The removal rates of PFAAs were significantly correlated with perfluoroalkyl chain length in treatments with H. verticillate. The removal of PFAAs was suggested to be related to the uptake of plant tissues and biosorption of microbiota. Furthermore, the dominant microbiota and biomarkers were identified in water and biofilm. Betaproteobacteriales was the most dominant microbiota at the order level. The presence of PFAAs could significantly increase the relative abundance of Micrococcales, Verrucomicrobiales, Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales, Roseomonas, Cyanobium_PCC_6307, and Synechococcales. Our results provide scientific basis for evaluating the ecotoxicological responses and removal of submerged macrophytes in response to multiple PFAA pollutants at environmentally relevant levels, thereby providing insights into PFAA management and removal.
全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）在水生环境中普遍存在，可能对生态系统构成潜在毒性。为了评估水生环境中沉水植物对多种PFAA污染物的生态毒理反应及去除情况，本研究将一种典型的沉水植物——黑藻暴露于含有12种典型PFAAs的溶液中。结果表明，浓度高于10μg/L的PFAAs对生物量、相对生长速率、叶绿素含量和叶绿素自发荧光有显著的负面影响。PFAAs可诱导黑藻中过氧化氢的积累和脂质过氧化。在PFAAs浓度高于10μg/L的处理中，过氧化氢酶（CAT）显著上调（p<0.05）。结果还表明，在无植物处理和有黑藻处理中，分别有13.53 - 20.01%和19.73 - 37.72%的PFAAs可以被去除。在有黑藻的处理中，PFAAs的去除率与全氟烷基链长度显著相关。PFAAs的去除被认为与植物组织的吸收和微生物群的生物吸附有关。此外，还鉴定了水和生物膜中的优势微生物群和生物标志物。在目水平上，β-变形菌纲是最主要的微生物群。PFAAs的存在可显著增加微球菌目、疣微菌目、根瘤菌目、鞘脂单胞菌目、玫瑰单胞菌属、蓝细菌_PCC_6307和集球藻目的相对丰度。我们的研究结果为评估沉水植物在环境相关水平下对多种PFAA污染物的生态毒理反应及去除提供了科学依据，从而为PFAA的管理和去除提供了见解。
