Department of Medical Education, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Dublin, Ohio.
Department of Radiology, University of Missouri System, Columbia, Missouri.
J Knee Surg. 2022 Apr;35(5):491-497. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1743222. Epub 2022 Feb 21.
The knee is a complex joint with many fascial and ligamentous interactions. The movement in multiple planes makes the knee a prime site for friction syndromes, especially in active individuals. The most common friction syndrome is the iliotibial band friction syndrome. This occurs commonly in runners and cyclists and can be diagnosed clinically in a patient with lateral knee pain during activity. The anterior fat pads of the knee can also be the site of friction syndromes, most often in the Hoffa fat pad. Edema here can be located in the superolateral aspect of the fat pad when associated with patellar abnormalities, or diffusely when impingement is due to other causes. Edema of the quadriceps or prefemoral fat pad may also cause anterior knee pain and may be diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging. The posteromedial friction syndrome and medial tibial crest syndrome are rare causes of medial knee pain highly active individuals.
膝关节是一个复杂的关节，有许多筋膜和韧带相互作用。膝关节在多个平面上运动，使其成为摩擦综合征的主要部位，尤其是在活跃的个体中。最常见的摩擦综合征是髂胫束摩擦综合征。这种情况在跑步者和骑自行车者中很常见，在活动时出现外侧膝关节疼痛的患者中可以通过临床诊断。膝关节的前脂肪垫也可能是摩擦综合征的部位，最常见的是在 Hoffa 脂肪垫。当与髌骨异常有关时，此处的水肿可位于脂肪垫的超外侧，当由于其他原因引起撞击时则弥漫性分布。股四头肌或股骨前脂肪垫的水肿也可能导致前膝关节疼痛，并且可以通过磁共振成像进行诊断。后内侧摩擦综合征和胫骨内侧嵴综合征是高度活跃个体中内侧膝关节疼痛的罕见原因。
