Clark Kelly N, Malecki Christine K
Department of Psychology, 236 Audubon Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States of America.
Department of Psychology, Psychology-Computer Science Building, Room 400, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, United States of America.
J Sch Psychol. 2022 Apr;91:112-128. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2022.01.003. Epub 2022 Jan 29.
The dual-factor model of mental health emphasizes the integration of subjective well-being and psychopathology to obtain a complete conceptualization of mental health. When used in schoolwide screenings, this dual-factor approach provides a more comprehensive picture of students' mental health. In a sample of adolescents (N = 404) attending a Midwestern U.S. middle school (Grades 6-8), the current study empirically identified mental health groups through latent profile analysis (LPA) and examined how profile membership was predicted by various demographic variables, academic achievement, general grit, academic grit, and growth mindset. Three mental health profiles emerged: Complete Mental Health (above average life satisfaction and affect, below average internalizing and externalizing problems), Symptomatic but Content (average to above average life satisfaction and affect, above average internalizing and externalizing difficulties), and Troubled (below average life satisfaction and affect, above average internalizing and externalizing difficulties). These profiles partially supported the dual-factor model of mental health, although a vulnerable group was not identified. Gender, SES, racial identity, and IEP status were significant predictors of mental health profile membership. Academic achievement, general grit, academic grit, and growth mindset were also significant predictors of mental health group membership. Limitations, future directions, and implications are discussed, including how these findings inform school psychological theory and practice.
心理健康的双因素模型强调主观幸福感和精神病理学的整合，以获得对心理健康的完整概念化。当用于全校范围的筛查时，这种双因素方法能更全面地呈现学生的心理健康状况。在一个来自美国中西部一所中学（6 - 8年级）的青少年样本（N = 404）中，本研究通过潜在剖面分析（LPA）实证确定了心理健康群体，并考察了各种人口统计学变量、学业成绩、一般毅力、学业毅力和成长型思维模式如何预测剖面归属。出现了三种心理健康剖面：完全心理健康（生活满意度和情感高于平均水平，内化和外化问题低于平均水平）、有症状但满足（生活满意度和情感平均至高于平均水平，内化和外化困难高于平均水平）和困扰（生活满意度和情感低于平均水平，内化和外化困难高于平均水平）。这些剖面部分支持了心理健康的双因素模型，尽管未识别出一个脆弱群体。性别、社会经济地位、种族身份和个别化教育计划（IEP）状态是心理健康剖面归属的显著预测因素。学业成绩、一般毅力、学业毅力和成长型思维模式也是心理健康群体归属的显著预测因素。讨论了研究的局限性、未来方向和意义，包括这些发现如何为学校心理学理论和实践提供信息。
