Magkos Faidon
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nutr Rev. 2022 Jun 9;80(7):1811-1825. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac006.
Calorie restriction regimens are popular for their purported health-promoting effects. However, it is unclear whether chronic reduction in energy intake and subsequent weight loss have beneficial effects in the absence of obesity. To this end, the results of studies that examined the effects of the same diet-induced weight loss in individuals with and without obesity were reviewed. The contribution of lean mass to the total amount of weight lost is greater in participants without obesity than in those with obesity, but the reductions in resting, nonresting, and total energy expenditure are of similar magnitude. Both in the presence as well as in the absence of obesity, weight loss decreases visceral adipose tissue and liver fat, increases insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle (insulin-mediated whole-body glucose disposal rate) and in adipose tissue (meal-induced or insulin-induced suppression of plasma free fatty acid concentration), and augments insulin clearance rate, without affecting pancreatic insulin secretion. These effects are of similar magnitude in participants with and without obesity and result in reductions in fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. These data suggest that the same degree of calorie restriction and the same amount of weight loss have multiple beneficial effects on health outcomes in individuals without obesity, similar to those observed in individuals with obesity.
热量限制方案因其所谓的促进健康作用而广受欢迎。然而，在不存在肥胖的情况下，长期减少能量摄入及随后的体重减轻是否具有有益效果尚不清楚。为此，对研究相同饮食诱导体重减轻对肥胖个体和非肥胖个体影响的研究结果进行了综述。非肥胖参与者瘦体重对总体重减轻量的贡献大于肥胖参与者，但静息、非静息和总能量消耗的减少幅度相似。无论存在肥胖与否，体重减轻都会减少内脏脂肪组织和肝脏脂肪，增加骨骼肌（胰岛素介导的全身葡萄糖处置率）和脂肪组织（餐后或胰岛素诱导的血浆游离脂肪酸浓度抑制）的胰岛素敏感性，并提高胰岛素清除率，而不影响胰腺胰岛素分泌。这些效应在肥胖参与者和非肥胖参与者中幅度相似，并导致空腹血糖和胰岛素浓度降低。这些数据表明，相同程度的热量限制和相同量的体重减轻对非肥胖个体的健康结局具有多种有益影响，类似于在肥胖个体中观察到的影响。
