Hamidi Samin
Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2023;53(1):199-210. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1947771. Epub 2022 Feb 22.
Low levels of biomarkers and the complexity of bio sample make the analytical assay of several biomarkers a challenging issue. Suitable sample preparation run remain a vital part of the puzzle of diagnostic level. Enhancing the detection limit of bioanalytical methods start during the sample preparation procedure. A robust sample preparation method is needed to evaluate the number of biomarkers. As worldwide environmental issues attract expanding consideration, all the more harmless to the ecosystem investigations are liked. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is an appealing strategy among the sample treatment methods due to the versatility of sorbent materials, less solvent consumption, and compatibility with analytical devices. Miniaturization of the SPE gives the chance to integrate the other analytical steps in a single run, known as an easy-to-use and effective method. SPE utilizes various SPE sorbent beds such as packed beads, porous polymer monoliths, molecularly imprinted polymers, membranes, or other magnetic form microstructures to achieve high surface-to-volume ratio and appropriate chemical properties effective extraction. Also, SPE is the methodology of interest to fulfill high recovery and efficiency demands. In this review, we intend to explain more recent methods for the rational design of SPE and miniaturized SPE to determine biomarkers from biological media. The headlines are subdivided into (1) packing materials in SPE, (2) setups for sample preparation by magnetic SPE, and (3) and future perspective for the application of SPE in sample preparation for analysis of biomarkers.
生物标志物水平较低以及生物样本的复杂性使得对多种生物标志物进行分析检测成为一个具有挑战性的问题。合适的样品制备流程仍然是诊断水平难题的重要组成部分。提高生物分析方法的检测限始于样品制备过程。需要一种强大的样品制备方法来评估生物标志物的数量。随着全球环境问题受到越来越多的关注，更环保的研究更受青睐。在样品处理方法中，固相萃取（SPE）是一种有吸引力的策略，因为吸附剂材料具有通用性、溶剂消耗少且与分析设备兼容。SPE的小型化使得能够在一次运行中整合其他分析步骤，这是一种易于使用且有效的方法。SPE利用各种SPE吸附剂床，如填充珠、多孔聚合物整体柱、分子印迹聚合物、膜或其他磁性形式的微结构，以实现高的表面积与体积比以及具有合适化学性质的有效萃取。此外，SPE是满足高回收率和效率要求的理想方法。在本综述中，我们打算解释SPE和小型化SPE合理设计的最新方法，以便从生物介质中测定生物标志物。标题分为（1）SPE中的填充材料，（2）磁性SPE样品制备装置，以及（3）SPE在生物标志物分析样品制备中的应用前景。
